A Study Of Egyptian Political And Islamic Power In

The Secularization and Islamization, both in conflict and fusion, are one of important problems for Middle East. Egypt is a traditional islamic big power of the Middle East which is deeply influenced by the Western countries. Thus, the relation between government of Egypt and the Political Islam in society is complex and volatile. Muslim Brotherhood, as the typical part of Islamists, has played an irreplaceable role in Egypt’s modernization, especially in the construction of political system. After nearly100years’ rise and fall, Muslim Brotherhood has struggled to become the most well-established Political Islam organization in the Islamic world. We should focus that most Islamic extremists were members of the Muslim Brotherhood originally, who had deeply affected the radicals on ideology and construction. Hence, Muslim Brotherhood has been our key point to explore the evolution of Political Islam in Egypt. Reviewing the history of development of Political Islam, the Islamization oriented by Sadat regime had laid the foundation for the renewal and separation of Islamists. After that, the Political Islam in Egypt had divided into three parts, the Al-azhar system, on behalf of the orthodox party, Muslim Brotherhood, on behalf of the moderates, and the Islamic Jihad Group, on behalf of radicals. The dissertation begins with the foundation and early development of Muslim Brotherhood and chooses the period of President Sadat as the research background and sources. With the help of materials collection and case analysis, I tried to investigate the interaction among the state, Political Islam and the society in the nation modernization, and to evaluate the effects of Political Islam on Egyptian development.This dissertation includes six parts.In the introduction, I make some explanation on some objects and issues, review relevant achievements, domestic and overseas, and give the aims and meanings of this study, together with illustration of framework and research method.In Chapter1, after reviewing the foundation of Muslim Brotherhood, I have displayed the transition of relation between Muslim Brotherhood and Nasser. Combined with the comparison of Hassan al-Banna’s and Sayyid Qutb’s ideology, I tried to present the two dualisms of Muslim Brotherhood, religion and politics, peace and violence.In Chapter2, I traced the development of politics, economy and diplomacy, especially on the religion (the orientation of Islamization) during Sadat years so as to demonstrate the whole background for evolution of Political Islam at that time.In Chapter3, I mainly analyze the separation of the Political Islam in Egypt under the influence of the national policy, the international concern and its self-development. The Muslim Brotherhood, as the typical part of moderates, had abandoned violence and turned into a political struggle by a legal means. However, the Islamic Jihad Group and some other radical organizations had been separate from the moderates, continuing the violence and terror. Having reviewed the historical data, we could generalize some features of the development of Political Islam during Sadat years.In Chapter4, I have traced the different policies towards the Political Islam adopted by Mubarak regime, and analyzed the future direction of the moderates and radicals of Political Islam respectively.The final section has divided into two parts. On one hand, I gave a brief overview on the political struggle among Egyptian military, the secular opposition and the moderate Islamists (Muslim Brotherhood is the core strength). On the other hand, I made a summary of the irreplaceable roles played by Political Islam in the modernization of Egypt, and highlight its significance for the development of Islamic states.