A Study On The Management Of Tourists In Beijing At The Beginning Of The Founding Of New China (1949-1952)

As a long existing social group, vendors formed their own way of operating businesses. These businesses are not only feeding the vendors themselves and their families but also making contribution to help boost exchanges of urban and rural products, to make residents’ life more convenient and to enhance regional culture communication. The existence and development of vendors is not merely an economic issue, it is also a political issue. In view that the perspectives the scholar circle has taken on the issue are more on management, this essay tries to research into the management of vendors in the time span of 1949-1952 in Beijing based on the library archives of Beijing City Archives, and to probe the economic side of vendors in the meantime.Using time as a coordinate but not limited to it, the essay would try hard to deal with issues relative to vendor management in a concise and to the point way. The essay is made up of three pieces, an introduction, a body divided into four parts, and a conclusion. The introduction is the beginning part of the essay whose stress lies on the research situation of the selected topic, the possible creativeness of the essay and parts to be improved further.The first part of the body would first provide a brief survey of Beijing vendors, their number, sources, distribution situation and their primary business etc. Then, six reasons why vendors need administration would be elaborated, including: to regulate the traffic, to clean and beautify the city, to improve public security, to increase financial revenue, to regulate market order and to build a productive city.The second part discussed the establish of vendor organization, its structure and the interact between higher and lower level surrounding the topic of establishing vendor organization to better manage them. This part also analyzed the comprehensive situation of the cadres in the market management departments, the leaders of large or small groups and activists. Five main measures of managing the vendors are introduced, namely to relocate them or to regulate in situ, to use prohibitive tax, to register the vendors and give license, to ban vendors without licenses and to gather and train vendors. This part also discussed other issues like the vendors’ reaction to such organizations and the major problems in management.The third part is about the economic issue of vendors, mainly on how to levy taxes from them. This part reaches two conclusions and gives a relative rounded exposition on levy work of vendors which reviewed the past practice and reforms of taxes on vendors in Beijing, explained the procedure of levying tax from vendors including preparation before levy, levy measures, tax receiving and the clearing of tax-evaders and overdue tax-payers.The fourth part discusses the experiences and results of such management. The results are mainly about the satisfactory outcome of the government’s methods targeting vendors’ mentality. Politically, these management strengthened the organization construction, rebuilt the grass-root organization ecology and fortified the authority; economically, the measures dissolved interest conflicts, moderated the tensed government-vendor relation and increased financial revenue; culturally, the management would help to removed the vendors’ old ideology through publicity and education, change them into new-men the new society needs. In addition, these management strengthened organization build, established the cadres’ image as people’s servants, enhanced the government’s authority and the got support from the vendors. The experiences is that we should deal the management of vendors properly, establishing a sound regulatory system; we should insist on following the mass line; we should deal with the interest relation properly and ease conflicts; we should make full use of publicity and mobilization, strengthen education and guidance; make sure our work is pointed and systematical.The conclusion part ended the entire essay with a brief summary.To sum up, Beijing municipality’s management of the vendors from 1949 to 1952 has been proven successful, showing ideological characteristics of levying through management and managing through levy. The experiences are beneficial for later practice, worthy studying into and borrowing from.