Research On Heilongjiang Province Border Defense Regulations In The Late Qing Dynasty

The speciallocation of frontier region has close relationship with nationalsovereignty and territorial integrity, so national and frontier defense is very importantfor each dynasty. The regime changes frequently in contemporary Chinese history, andthe frontier defense policy is different in different regime of each dynasty. China wasforced by western powers to open the door and signed a series of unequal treaties at theend of Qing Dynasty, so China was reduced to a semi-colonial and semi-feudal countrystep by step with the loss of territory and right. In the double pressures of domesticand foreign worries, the frontier crises become acute.As the northern frontier of the motherland,Heilongjiang province has its uniquegeographical location, excellent folkways, customs and habits, which reflectes excellentculture and national strength. The general system and ban policy in Heilongjiangprovince were different from the mainland in late Qing Dynasty, because Heilongjiangprovince was named "longxing place" by Qing Dynasty. That led to Qing governmenthad poor sovereignty consciousness for Heilongjiang region, and Heilongjiang regionhad gradually become the contested field by western powers. The frontier managementof Heilongjiang was almost nonexistent because of the negative and passive awareness offrontier defense. With the exacerbation of frontier crisis, Qing government was forced toconstruct and improve frontier defense in Heilongjiang region. Some far-sightedpersonages and Qing officials realized the importance to establish regulations toimprove frontier defense. They had made relevant adjustment and reforms to frontierdefense construction, and established proper law regulations, which formed “frontiergovernance, frontier defense” thoughts in Heilongjiang region at the end of QingDynasty. Those made some contributions for later frontier construction.The people studies the thoughts of “frontier governance, frontier defense” in Heilongjiang region at the end of Qing Dynasty according to historical facts.Under the guidance of frontier defense ideas and thoughts, the people analyses thesituation of frontier governance,and the disadvantages and advantages of frontierdefense regulations in Heilongjiang region. And discuss the condition of legislative,judicial and reform of frontier defense law regulations and the real situation of frontierdefense governance in Heilongjiang region. Expected that can be a reference to formandimprove the current national legal system of frontier defense by summarizing theexperience in Heilongjiang region at the end of Qing Dynasty.