Comparative Study On Production Efficiency Of Main Field Crops In Henan And Hunan Provinces During 1983-2003

The present research paper was conducted under the backgrounds of dual impact of market economy and the entry of WTO to our country's crops production, the production benefit continuous decrease, and the production scale continuous falling over years which induced seriously problem of agriculture-peasant-rural region (APRR) and for promoting sustainable crops production and servicing for the solution of APRR. The research take Henan, Hunan, two big provinces of crops production, as the case. Adopting the contrast analytic method, the correlation analytic method, the structure analytic method, the technical progress rate measures method and so on, the two province' s crops production sown area, the total output, the entire cost, the benefit, the labor productivity, the evolution rule and the reasons of difference between the two provinces were compared vertically and horizontally. Combining respective crops production superiority and the inferiority of the two provinces, developing potential and the direction were discussed, then the corresponding crops structure adjustment proposals were put forward. The main results are as follows:1.On overall condition of crops production, crops production (narrow sense) of Henan Province possess greater scale and national share, the sown area and the total output grow continueously, and show "three lows and three highs" (output value, net output value, and entire cost were low, while per labor day output value, per labor day net-income, net-income rate were high) .These indicated evident competiting superiority and developing potential. The crops production of Hunan Province had small scale, and its national share is small, the sown area and the total output take on the tendency of rise first then fall, and the performance is" three highs and three low" (output value, net output value, entire cost were high and per labor day output value, per labor day net-income and net-income rate were low). These indicated relative competiting inferiority.2. On main crops sorts, Henan Province had remarkable whole grain crops production superiority, while the oil-bearing crops has more comprehensiver superiority, the industrial crop production, however, had not obvious superiority. On the contrary, Hunan Province was at the position of serious inferioriiy of grain and oil-bearing crops, but its industrial crop had certainly superiority and stronger development potential.3. On concrete crops, Henan Province has stronger competition superiority in wheat, rice, com, peanut, sesame; Hunan Province has stronger competition superiority in ramie and tobacco.4. On crops production driving forces, the economic system, agricultural policy were leading factors; while the material inputs, the science and technology inputs, the stochastic labor cost, the ecologicalcondition had important influence on the crops production; the natural disasters had the systematic influence to the crops, but the disaster-resistant ability had not been improved; the labor quantity had not obvious influence on crops productioa5. On crops production potential and direction, Henan Province should take further exerting of its resources superiority, taking production and benefit increases as essential target, consolidating cooking oil superiority, and positively developing growth point of industrial crop as its strategy; Hunan Province should raise the mechanized level and the labor efficiency, reduces the labor inputs and the labor cost, enhances the benefit as the indicator, while consolidated the industrial crop superiority, diligently gets out of pretty pass in cooking oil crops, promote crops overall benefit.