| Under the circumstance of economic globalization and regionaleconomic integration, competition between regions becomes much fiercer,and correct competition strategy plays the key role in regional development.Knowing their own competitiveness better and understanding the gap toopponents, regional competitors become the precondition of making andimplementing correct competition strategy. So the study of regionalcompetitiveness, which contains two parts currently (between countries andbetween regions in one country), is of great practical significance. Havingbeen researched more than 20 years, the study of internationalcompetitiveness has become the hot point in governments, enterprises andacademies. WEF (World Economic Forum) and IMD (International Institutefor Management Development) have great influence in the area ofinternational competitiveness study. In China, the internationalcompetitiveness research team in People's University of China has fruitfulresearches in this area. Recently, as China's growing regional disparities,domestic regional competitiveness study gets much more attentions. somescholars study the competitiveness between provinces, and achieve certainresults.The meaning and evaluation of regional competitiveness are twoimportant sides of regional competitiveness study. They are theoreticalresearch and empirical research. In theoretical research, some researchinstitutions and scholars interpret regional competitiveness by differentperspectives and different levels. Based on researching a number of relevantdefinitions, Regional competitiveness refers region as a whole, to participatein the regional competition, through the elements of synergies,complementarities and form, to bring substantive effect overall regionalcompetitiveness. Also, there are many opinions about theory explanation forregional competitiveness. Marx viewed to the competitiveness, based on thetheory of labor value, as a result of commodities;In the international tradetheory on the basis of comparative advantage, the trade competitiveness isthe national competitiveness;Porter highlighted the competitiveness ofindustry and enterprises in his competitive advantage theory;In theinstitutional Economics theory, the national institutional arrangementsaffects a country's competitiveness ultimately;New economic growth theoryand the theory of innovation highlighted that endogenous growth technologyand innovation are the key role to develop economy and enhance thecompetitiveness. Now, regional competitiveness has not yet formed anindependent, standard theoretical system. The existing theories explain itmainly by economics and the theory of economic growth associatedcompetitive advantage theory. With economic globalization and thedeepening of regional economic integration, in-depth research in this areashould be. The formation mechanisms from the regional competitiveness andregional development paths chosen to explore the relationship betweenclosely, and the interaction of regional competitiveness upgrade both playedan important impact.In empirical analysis, there is a method to establish the system ofevaluation indicators, through quantitative analysis, to rate and classify forregional competitiveness, and to do the classification analysis forcorresponding indicators. WEF and IMD in the study of internationalcompetitiveness have established a sound system of evaluation indicators.The indicators used are more comprehensive, and be read into the rigidindicators and the soft targets based on results obtained from experts'questionnaire. Its evaluation system currently has 314 secondary indicators,49 countries and districts, and invited the 36 academic institutions and 3532experts around the world to cooperate. In domestic research, the CompetitiveResearch Center of People's University of China has a better system. Thesystem includes eight international competitiveness elements: the state'seconomic strength, internationalization, government management, financialsystem, infrastructure, business management, science and technology, thequality of the citizens. Each element includes a number of aspects, and everyaspect includes a number of specific indicators. In addition, some scholars,on the basis of the actual situation, designed their own an evaluation systemof indicators, such as the evaluation system designed by Wangbingandivided into seven factors : the overall economic competitiveness, industrialcompetitiveness, the competitiveness of enterprises, foreign competitiveness,technological competitiveness, infrastructure competitiveness, and people'squality competitiveness, a total of 69 indicators. These studies started ratherlate, but also gained some experience and results. In reference from previousresearch methods on the basis of regional competitiveness concepts, factorsand the actual research, this study's regional competitiveness assessmentindicator system selected 42 evaluation indicators, divided into sixcompetitive factors: economic strength, industry and enterprisecompetitiveness, technological innovation competitiveness, foreign capacity,people's lives and services competitiveness, governance level. In empiricalstudies, the north-east of China is the main research subjects, and YRD(Yangtze River Delta), the Bohai Gulf and PRD (Pearl River Delta) ascomparators to establish regional competitiveness indicators system. In theevaluation framework, we searched corresponding data in the year of 2003,and utilized SPSS to do factor analysis. We had drawn that northeastregional competitiveness is weakest. And the disparity with other threeregions is larger. The regional competitiveness scores classification of thefour economic area followed by YRD, PRD, Bohai Gulf area, the north-eastof China. Analyzing the results of the evaluation, we found that the lowregional competitiveness is attributable to that the northeast of China'sformation mechanism of regional competitiveness is imperfections, theregional development trial is the key, according to the north-east by theactual upgrade northeast regional competitiveness should opt for thenorth-east regional competitiveness effective functioning of the mechanismfor the formation of the new trails. Based on the characteristics of theNortheast region in the implementation of specific measures, taken as abreakthrough in industrial innovation, boost overall adjustment and the oldindustrial base transformation to stimulate competitiveness in the regionalmechanism for the formation of effective functioning, thereby enhancing thecompetitiveness of the north-east region and accelerate the pace of therevitalization of northeast China. |
