The Research Of Damage To Marine Ecosystem And Environment Caused By "Da Lian Xinggang Oil Spillaccident"

Today, the oil spill accident has generally become the worldly facing crisis andoften occurred in the oil loading, refueling in the harbor or the ship. A large number ofthe world’s oil spill accidents occurred every day. These shocking oil spill accidentshave gave an indelible damage to global ecosystem. In particular, marine oil spill cancontaminate a large area of the ocean. With the tides, waves, driven，the oil spillaccidents not only caused economic losses but also bring the damage to marine life,habitat, etc. At present, China’s oil exploration and maritime trade has developed rapidly,which have increased the risk of marine oil spills accident. This paper aims to establisha marine oil spill ecological damage assessment system and apply it to the DalianXingang oil spill accident getting the damage assessment of this accident. Thus, thispaper not only has practical significance, as well as theoretical significance.First, the perspective of practical significance. Marine oil spill are serious marinedisasters, often occurred in the port, shipping and offshore petroleum development.Although most occurred suddenly, these accidents will not only affected the coastaleconomic development but also bring the farm to the human health, public safety andmarine environment. Our country is a maritime country, which have many ports andoffshore oil rigs and busy marine transport. So, our country has larger risk of marine oilpollution accidents. July16,2010, Dalian, Xingang happened shocking devastatingpipeline explosion, causing heavy crude oil leaked, the impact of the waters surrounding100square kilometers, of which10square kilometers of sea area has been heavily polluted. The accident has hit the local aquaculture, fishing industry, coastal tourism andecological environment. With our in-depth development and utilization of marine, themarine oil spill has become more frequent. The research of marine oil spill environmentshould be taken immediately. This paper provide a basis to marine oil spillcompensation work, the protection and recovery of the marine environment, defenseand reducing the loss of marine oil spill incidents. The paper has important strategicsignificance to the rational exploitation of marine resources, improving the follow-upSupport capacity and promoting the sustainable development of marine economy.Secondly, the theoretical point of view. Ecological protection has been a hot topicin the world. Our government has put great emphasis on them.The party’s18th reportwill put a separate chapter on the promoting the construction of ecological civilizationand put emphasis on the construction of ecological civilization. The construction ofecological civilization should be put into a prominent position, and should be put intothe overall layout of the socialist modernization drive, which include economicdevelopment, all aspects of political, cultural and social development and the entireprocess. The construction of ecological civilization strives to build a beautiful Chinaand achieve sustainable development of the Chinese nation. The research of ecologicalenvironment is a hot e research. China is currently has less technical methodsspecifically for marine oil spill damage assessment of the ecological environment,which tend to focus only on the economic assessment of the fishery losses, clean-upcosts and property damage. However, the oil spill damage to the natural environment isthe brunt of the losses. Due to the intangible nature, it is difficult to estimate the marketprice, So this part of the loss can not be fully compensated.This paper summarizes theoil spill damage to the marine environment, ecological environment. Through analysisand comparison of several categories used to assess measurement methods, this papersummarizes its advantages and disadvantages, to build marine oil spill damageassessment system to the ecological environment monetization evaluation system,which helps to improve oil spill monetization of environmental damage assessmenttechniques ecological assessment.The main contents and conclusions are as follows:(1) Through a review of the relevant literature, this paper establishes a marine oilspill damage monetization evaluation system. This system can be divided into two partsof direct and indirect losses. We establish its monetization evaluation models and methods. In direct economic losses, the paper will be divided into economic losses offisheries (marine fishing industry economic losses, economic losses of natural fisheries),aquaculture economic loss, loss of coastal tourism economy, clean-up costs. In theindirect economic losses, the paper will be divided into ecological function loss services(including four kinds of functions,14services), restoration of the marine environmentcapacity loss (including loss of litter capacity and the marine environment capacity loss),the recovery and compensation of environment (recovery of fisheries resources andhabitat restoration), assess cost. I hope this system can be established for the subsequentoil spill compensation and provide evidence to oil spill response capability（2）nearly1,500tons of crude oil into the Gulf, many areas including Dalian Bay,Dayao, small yaowan are damaged. Pebble Beach and many industries are damaged.Through the collection of the data, the marine oil spill damage assessment system isused to be applied into the actual Dalian Xingang "7.16" oil spill accidents. Theconclusions are follows. The oil spill accident has caused the damage of direct losses4,479,504,713.85yuan, including marine fishes economic losses628,184,432.50yuan,economic losses of coastal food processing enterprises4,650,174.01yuan, economiclosses of salt industry170,421,500.00yuan, loss of coastal tourism economy3,495,009,789.60yuan, decontamination expenses181,238,817.74yuan. This oil spillaccident has caused the damage of marine ecology and environment1125755179.33Yuan. In the value losses of ecological system service function, the valuelosses of supply function accounted for59.23%; the value losses of regulatory functionaccounted for0.33%; the value losses of cultural function accounted for12.66%. Thevalue losses of marine environmental capacity accounted for27.78%. I hope this canprovide a reference to the development of oil spill damage assessment model,compensation, risk management, accident, emergency and prevention.