The Analysis Of "the Tragedy Of The Commons" Of Henan Rural Environment From The Perspective Of "the Prisoner’s Dilemma"

At present, China’s economic and social developments are under the tremendous pressure, because theresource and environment expenses for China’s economic and social developments are too costly.Compared to the cities, rural environmental pollution problem is more serious. The problem restricts thesustainable development of agriculture, and it also restricts the steadily increasing of farmers’ income andthe proper protection of the rural environment. Therefore, we must understand and strengthen theprevention and control of environmental pollution in rural areas from the strategic perspective, which is theobjective requirement of implementing the Scientific Approach of Development, integrating urban withrural development, building a new socialist countryside, and building a harmonious society. It’s a statisticalfact that the amount of pollution in country has accounted for more than half of the total amount ofpollution of china. The government has transferred pollution enterprises from urban areas to rural areas inorder to maintain and beautify the urban environment, resulting in further deterioration of the ecologicalenvironment system in rural areas. Meanwhile, the rural environment resources property right is not clear,resulting in the rural environment resources with the characteristics of "public property", so there arealmost no effective means to regulate and punish the pollution behavior in agriculture producing process.Some of the villagers over consumed the environmental resources for their personal benefits, but the lossescaused by their acts were taken by the society. We call this "The Tragedy of the Commons" of the ruralenvironment..This article tries to analyze the rural environment problem from the angle of the "Prisoner’s Dilemma"in economics. The article is divided into three parts. In the first part, the present situation and the reasons ofthe rural environment of Henan province were analyzed by taking Huixian city as an example. Ruralenvironmental pollution includes three aspects of pollution: rural daily life, agricultural production andrural industrial production. Through the analysis of rural pollution’s present situation, we find out the directcauses of the current rural environmental pollution problems. The mainly causes are the farmers lack ofknowledge about environmental protection, the imperfect of the rural environmental legislation and theserious shortage of funds. These all reveal that the root of all problems is "The Tragedy of the Commons"of the rural environment. The second part carried on deep analysis and found out countermeasures of the "The Tragedy of the Commons" of rural environment from a view of "Prisoner’s Dilemma". Throughplacing the various game strategy in complex and repeated “Prisoner’s Dilemma" and analyzing itsperformance, we found the countermeasures:"Tit-for-tat"."Tit-for-tat" experienced the gradually evolutionof cooperation but not tolerance, cooperation and tolerance and “wins to leave and negative to change”, andfinally evolved to the relative rationalization model of "selective tit-for-tat" which a coping with variouscrisis, although the model was not perfect. In the third part, from the analysis of the evolution process ofthe "Tit-for-tat" theory, we found out specific measures to solve the problem of rural environment in reality.Solutions including four aspects: defining property right to solve "The Tragedy of the Commons",advocating morality consciousness to constraint pollution behavior, establishing rural environmentalprotection groups through communication and persuasion, and regulating the behavior of damage theenvironment by law.