Study On Monitoring Indexes And Monitoring Sections Optimization Of The Main Stream Of Heilongjiang River

The main stream of Heilongjiang is selected as the object in this study.According to the data of high-density monitoring under different hydrologicalconditions and water environment numerical models，a study has been carried out toinvestigate the present situation of water environment, evolution tendency andtemporal and spatial variation of Heilongjiang river. The emphasis of this study is tooptimize the water environment monitoring index and the monitoring sections ofHeilongjiang basin.A comprehensive survey of water environment status of dry, flat,and wetseason of the Heilongjiang river and Ussuri River have been carried out. Based onthe routine and historical water quality monitoring data, the present situation ofwater quality is evaluated by the method of single factor index and synthesizedindex method. The trend analysis of water quality is made by using Spearman’scorrelation coefficient method. It showed that the water quality of the main river ofHeilongjiang was mainly grade Ⅳ and Ussuri River main stream was III or IVwith high index of permanganate and ammonia concentration throughout the year.The water environment of the tributary of the Songhua River was polluted seriouslyand the main pollutant was organics. In the long run, the water environment hasbeen deteriorating with the influence of runoff regime.Based on the “Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard(GB3838-2002)”,45indicators are being used to monitor the water quality.According to the monitoring results and pollutant sources, three different kinds ofmonitoring indexes can be determined. The purpose of this investigation is tooptimize the monitoring index. The results conclusively demonstrated that theamount of monitoring indexes could be excluded in different water period. Finally,there are25indicators were selected in all sections in the dry, flat and wet season ofthe river.Based on the watershed hydrology and the datum of water envorinmentmontoring, the spatial and temporal distribution of the water environment factors has been analyzed under typical hydrological conditions. The method of numericalanalysis is used to optimize the water environment monitoring section. Theoptimization of monitoring sections have been investigated by means of thetechniques of matter element, fuzzy clustering and SOBEK water environmentalmodel. The results indicated that there were some defects in the layout of currentmonitoring sections of Heilongjiang River. It was recommended that the monitoringsections need to be merged in Yanjiang Village and Hei Heshang section, FuYuanshang and Xiao Hezi section, respectively. At the same time, there are twomonitoring blind areas where monitoring section need to be added.