| Science and technology are the primary productive forces. With the continuous development of the society and economy and the coming of the "knowledge economy"age, the significance of science and technology becomes increasingly apparent, and scientific and technological progress has become a leading force that promotes the development of the society, economy and productive forces. Nowadays, scientific and technological progress has been effectively promoting social development and economic growth, constantly improving our life and changing the world, so as to promote the development of human civilization. Every scientific and technological revolution brings forth the socio-economic development by leaps and bounds, and the focus of the competition between countries around the world lies in the competition of science and technology which has gradually become a crucial factor determining a nation's position and its overall national strength in the world. Scientific and technological progress is fundamentally essential, be it a developing country or a developed one. The scientific and technological progress is of great significance to all the nations around the world and has a bearing on a nation's politics, economy, culture, military security and etc... It is particularly true of the developing countries like China. With regards to the significance of science and technology, we must continue to implement the strategy of revitalizing China through science and education, accelerate the scientific and technological development, promote scientific and technological progress so as to ensure the enhancement of China's overall national strength and the harmonious development of China's society and economy.All scientific activities are based on scientific and technological input, and scientific and technological progress relies on the investment of scientific and technological resources. As scientific and technological progress plays a more and more important role in the development of productive forces and society, the government of each and every nation has been increasing the scientific and technological investment. Thus scientific and technological input-output ratios are a primary indicator to assess the efficiency and utilization ratios of the scientific and technological investment. The analysis of the scientific and technological input-output ratios in China and the study of their effect on scientific and technological progress is extremely important for the development of China's science and technology. The author of this paper combines the qualitative analysis with quantitative analysis to reveal the scientific and technological development in China. In this essay, by using the statistics from 2005 to 2009, the author establishes the scientific and technological input-output index system according to the scientific and accurate principles; and by using the Data Envelopment Analysis method, the author calculates the scientific and technological input-output ratios in 31 provinces, cities and regions across China, analyses the efficiency in different regions, compares the ratios between regions and figures out the reasons. According to the Malmquist index analysis method, the author analyses the scientific and technological levels in these regions, and studies the scientific and technological input-output ratios' effect on scientific and technological progress. Through the empirical research, the author concludes that the scientific and technological input-output ratios and scientific and technological progress are closely related, and improving the efficiency is beneficial to scientific and technological progress. However, at the present stage, the scientific and technological input-output ratios in China are in general not high, and the differences are rather obvious between regions, which greatly hamper China's scientific and technological development, and are unable to provide an impetus for socio-economic development. To sum up, the underlying reasons are as follows:insufficient investment in science and technology in China, the irrational investment structure, the low commercialization rates of scientific and technological achievements, the lack of effective scientific and technological input-output efficiency evaluation system, etc... Therefore, in this essay, based on the analysis of reasons causing the regional differences in scientific and technological input-output ratios, the author offers some effective measures and policies, such as increasing the scientific and technological input, expanding the scientific and technological team, intensifying the effective combination of study, research, and production, quickening the transfer of scientific and technological achievements into productivity and perfecting the scientific and technological input-output efficiency evaluation system. |
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