China's Endowment Insurance System Transition Period Research Fairness And Efficiency

As the key point to improve the Social Security System, the reform of the Old-age Insurance System is of important position and function in the building of the harmonious socialist society, and the equality and efficiency is the fundamental problem that influenced the construction and reform of the old-age security system. This paper firstly analyze the basic characters of the Old-age Insurance System in China's transition period, which can be generally summarized as the following points: the transition of insurance concept, the transition of insurance pattern, the transition of insurance scope and the transition of management pattern. With the continuous development of the reform, China's concept for Old-age Insurance System has been changed several times, from the supporting measures for the State-owned Enterprise reform in the beginning shifted gradually to be as a basic social system, from giving priority to efficiency realized gradually to the rational return for seeking righteousness. After years of reform and practice, China's Old-age Insurance System pattern had a thorough transition, a framework of Old-age Insurance System pattern with Chinese character has been primarily established, which performs the important function of ensuring the basic standard of living, maintaining social stability, promoting economic development and increasing people's welfare. The pattern of the transition is mainly embodied in two kinds of transformation that gradually realized, which the transition from state insurance to social insurance and the transition are from single-level insurance to multi-level insurance. The scope of the Old-age Insurance System also improved continuously with the development of reform, from the selective insurance to general insurance; from urban-rural opposite dualistic structure to urban-rural integrated monistic structure, and are continuous developing for the target of social equality. At the same time, as the development of the system, the management pattern also realized a transition, its the transition from the scattered management to a relative unified management; the transition from non-standard and distemperedness to a gradually improvement.Equality and efficiency are two value judgment based on the reality; from where this paper stand, whether in theory or in practice, the equality and efficiency of China's pension system are all important and are of great uniformity. In general, the Old-age Insurance System mainly solve the problem of social equality to make up the deficiency of market economy, and finally develop the macroscopic efficiency of the society; in the interior of the social security system, the government must focus on various levels according to the different aim of the insurance, and deal the relationship between equality and efficiency well and establish a optimum operational mechanism that unify the equality and efficiency. This paper also researched the historical evolution of the relationship of equality and efficiency during the transition of China's Old-age Insurance System and analyzed the equality of the system and the value orientation of the efficiency. China's Old-age Insurance System reform begins from the 80s of the 20 century, it is in general conform to the overall of the Reform and Opening-up, and achieved anticipated social effect, promoted the establishment of the socialist market economic system and the formation of the socialist market economic order, but all of this can't show that China's Old-age Insurance System in new period is perfect, in contrast, there is still some problems exist in China's new period Old-age Insurance System reform, even in the major aspect of basic selection and basic population cover. And the appearance of those problems basically derived from the myths of insurance concept, the relationship between equality and efficiency haven't been considered at the same time.This paper also analyzed the problems existed in the aspects of equality and efficiency in China's present Old-age Insurance System, mainly include: first, the system advanced divisional, the blear of the rights and responsibilities, the low level of the overall plan, which not only caused the inequality, but also damaged the efficiency; second, as for the design of the Old-age Insurance System, the shortage of the insurance level coexisted with the imbalance of the insurance treatment. From the perspective of the pension treatment, it is still low in the whole, and the gap of the Old-age Insurance System treatment among different people and different district is too large. Third, the design of the pension account system is lack of ration and lack of stability, which is inequality and inefficiency. Fourth, the deficiency of the Old-age Insurance System 's equality and efficiency also embodied in the inadequate dealing of the transition cost. Fifth, the unsmooth management influenced the equality and efficiency of the system. Because of the multiple management, multiple government, a unified management system can't be formed, the efficiency is low. At the same time the management right is too centralized, the socialization level is low; the supervision and balance system is lack of efficiency. In addition, the deficiency of equality and efficiency also embodied in the hysteresis and incompleteness of the legislation.Last, according to the above problems, this paper put forward the basic measure to build an Old-age Insurance System with equality and efficiency. Which means to enlarge the cover of the Old-age Insurance, to raise the level of the overall plan; strive to develop polygonal supported Old-age Insurance System; to clear the government's responsibility as soon as possible, and increase the finance devotion to defuse the transition cost gradually; to collect social security tax timely; to integrate the resource and establish scientific and rational Old-age Insurance System operational mechanism.