Research On Equality And Efficiency Problem In Land System Arrangement

Chapter1describes the research objective of this dissertation and the significance of land system arrangement. A good land system not only improves the efficiency of using land, but also allocates land income to stakeholders equitably. Consequently, it also stimulates the health of the economic growth and social harmony.Chapter2presents that equality and efficiency are the two important measures that weigh the stand or fall of a land system and gives definitions to them. The equality of land system is reflected in two aspects:the first is whether the government distributes the land to every famer equitably and the famer enjoys full rights of land; the second is whether effect of income distribution from the land system would be beneficial to increasing famer’s income and achieving an urban-rural income balance. The efficiency of land system is also shown in two aspects:the first is whether a land system raises domestic farm yields and guarantees its supply; the second is whether the domestic supply capacity resulting from this system effectively steadies food prices, living cost, wage costs,and drives domestic economic growth.According to the above-mentioned standards, this dissertation gives a detailed analysis and comparison between the two typical land systems and evaluation. Chapter3analyzes the farmers’rural land ownership of the East Asia countries or areas such as Japan, Korea and Taiwan in which the land is distributed to every famer equitably so that equal rights of property is realized. In addition, it increases the part-time-job income in non-agricultural field and achieves a urban-rural income balance. Meanwhile, it stimulates famers to invest more labor, capital and technology in land so that agricultural yields are increased, the food price and wage cost are steadied. Finally it promotes healthy industrialization and robust growth of national economy. Chapter4analyzes and describes that the monopolistic land system deprives famers of their land rights in Latin America. On the one hand, this huge land system leads to huge income gap in the rural districts and force the land-lose-peasants to flood into city so as to aggravate unemployment and enlarge the income gap between personnel working with and without contracts. Because the land owners in Latin America do not care the land effect in grain production, they just appreciate the value of the land as property. So they often manage poorly or carelessly. It eventually leads to inefficiency in agricultural production and its agricultural output is much lower than that of the other East Asian countries.Based on Chapter3and4, Chapter5expounds that the farmers’ rural land ownership can achieve the equity and improve efficiency, and that the monopolistic big land ownership can lead to not only inequity but also inefficiency. This new point corrects the traditional concepts about the land system.In Chapter6,the author’s analyses indicate that though the land system of collective ownership achieved equity, but it caused efficiency loss before the3rd session of the11th meeting of the CCP. After the meeting, Household Contract System offered famers long and stable contracts of land. Consequently, this system encourages manufacturing enthusiasm of the farmers. They increase the quantity of inputs of the labor and capital on their fields. Thus farm yields and supply are increased rapidly. On the one hand, Household Contract System improves farmers’income from agriculture. On the other hand, it steadies food price, wage cost, and improves industrial interests, supports industrial growth quickly. And then the industrial growth provides more and more non-agricultural jobs, increases part-time-job income in non-agricultural field. Meanwhile, the urban-rural income gap is narrowed and the goal of equality is achieved. But, since1990, de-industrialization and urbanization away from the real economy not only hold back industry and service development in cities but also make famer lose land and income from agriculture. Thus the rural-urban income gap is more widened. Aiming at the above-mentioned problems, this paper gives some corresponding policies and advices which includes protecting famers’ rights,increasing famers’income from the land assets, enhancing their agricultural income and part-time-job income in non-agricultural field.