The Effects, Problems And Countermeasures Of Forestry Property Rights'reform In Shandong Province

ProPerty right is the most Pivotal and imPortant Problem in the study of economy system. Because forest resource has significant ecological and economic value,its'charaeter of public goods and externalities determine the particularity of the proPerty right form of forest,woodland and wood.The rationality of forestry property right system can effect the development of forestry and its'interrelated industry,the development of social economy in collective forest area,the farmers'produetion activity and their income level and ultimately effect the realization of forest sustainable management in China.Since the foundation of the People's Republic of China,the property rights of woodland and wood in collective forest area have experienced complieated changes. Under certain social background,the reform of each phase took a positive role,and also had its'limitation in system arrangement. With the strengthen of the market economy system reform in China,many problems in forest property right system at present (i.e.the main body of the property right is not clear; the right,responsibility and profit is not corresponding; the right of proceeds can not be realized: and the implement of the poliey is not normative etc.) emerged inereasingly. As one of the important collective forest areas of southern China,Shandong province has began to reform since 2004,the central content of which is clarifying the property right lightening the tax and fee,setting free the management and standardizing the transfer of property rights.Though some effects have been acquired,the particularity and complexity of the forestry property righ tsystem have objeetively determined that the reform is a long term process, which need constantly improved Therefore,this study began with the understanding of basic property right theory,analyzed the background,implement proeess,general effect and existent problems of the forestry property rights'reform in the collective forest area of Shandong province. What's more,taking village-level research as an emphasis,using participatory rural appraisal method , investigation was done on the spot in three typical sample villages(Shenguantun , Renzhuang and Daqingtai). Eventually some conclusions were obtained as follows:(l)Forestry property right has the common charaeters of property right which are exclusiveness,separability and negotiability. Meantime it has some specialties such as the relevancy of its objects ,special restriction and externalities etc. The forestry property rights'reform in the southern collective forest areas,which has both charaeters of inductive system transform and compulsive system transform,was caused by some factors included the scarcity of the forest resource,the low effieiency of the present system and the change of the system environment and so on..(2)The leading function of the government,the actual implement of the forestry department and the direct participation of farmers are important guarantees for the forestry property rights'reform in Shandong province,in which the farmers'upholding rate reaehes 99%,the participation rate and the settlement rate of the property right dissension are both above 90%.(3)The effect of the forestry property rights'reform is noticeable,represented in the aspects that the farmer'standard of living have advanced,the enthusiasm of forest production have increased,the country society have become more harmonious etc. By the end of 2009,the clarification rate of property rights has reaehed 85% in the whole province contrasted with the last year, the farmer's average forestry net income has increased by 28.4%; the occurrence number of forest case has decreased by 35%.(4)There are some differences in the effects of reform in different areas. The more the farmers depend on the woodland,the more noticeable the effects of reform are,meanwhile the more serious the problems are,However,if the farmers are less dependent on the woodland,whose consciousnesses are more active,the enthusiasm of trading the woodland property right is much higher.(5)Although the farmers'enthusiasm for forest production has increased,and the forestry cooperation organization as well as the forestry industry have been promoted by the forestry property rights'reform,the traditional management model with the characters of extensive type has not being changed yet.(6)To deepen the forestry property rights'reform,it is urgent to perfect present systems,such as the assets evaluation of the forest resource,the transfer system of forestry property rights,the management system of forest cutting quota,the compensation and management system of public welfare forest etc.(7) Explore the influences of these factors during forestry property arrangement Therefore,on the basis of understanding the desires of the fanners,combined with the present course of the supporting reforms in Shandong province,some suggestions are made in order to accomplish the reform purpose,including promoting forest sustainable management,ensuring the farmers'legal right,and increasing the farmers'income,as follows :the cutting management system,which takes the village-level forest management plan as its core should be researehed and implemented as soon as possible:the construction of forestry cooperation organization should be leaded actively ; the policy and law about the transfer of forestry property rights shoud be perfected ;the compensation and management system of public welfare forest should be perfected,and the specific measures about the compensation standard and way,the source of compensation fund,the specific way of utilizing and managing the compensation fund should be set down; the construction of the long-term supervision and safeguard mechanism should be strengthened.