The Study On National Park Management And Interest Coordination Mechanism

Nearly ten thousand national parks has been established in more than two hundred countries all over the world during the a century, Since the world's first national park --Yellowstone National Park had been established in 1872.National Park is the largest proportion of protection resources in the global area, as a good way of conservation to protect nature and natural resources. National Park is the country's natural and cultural heritage as well as human resources. The developed countries have a long period of exploration and development in Natural and Cultural Heritage Protection and have a lot of experience. By contrast, the heritage conservation started lately in China, there is a big gap compared with advanced countries in the world. Until 2008 China announced jointly by the Chinese Ministry of Environmental Protection and National Tourism Administration to build the first pilot national park pilot units--Heilongjiang Tang wanghe National Park. As economic development and social progress, people's environmental quality and living standards have become higher. The imbalances of multi-stakeholder coordination in protected areas have become serious. Therefore, the introduction of the national parks with the idea of international standards, the establishment of national park management system, the establishment of effective protection and management to rationally treat the relationship between ecological environmental protection and the development and utilization of resource is to improve the system of protection.Based on the basis of comparative analysis about foreign national park, this issue proposed relevant policies for our national parks. And studied how to deal with interest coordinated on the process of building our national parks considering stakeholders as the main line. Divided into five parts:The first chapter introduces the research background and significance, describes the research methods and ideas of the national parks and stakeholder theory, and reviews abroad studies on the basic concepts and theories of national parks. The innovation of this issue is to draw on advanced foreign national park based on the experience and lessons learned, to build in national parks from the perspective of stakeholder theory, to build stakeholder coordination mechanism, which provide an effective theoretical reference to the construction of our national parks.The second chapter analyzes the characteristics of the national park management from the United States, Canada, Japan, Norway and several other developed countries, summarizes the construction of advanced experience and lessons, analyzes the same and different types between nature reserves and national scenic areas and other protected areas, describes the only existing national park's status --China Heilongjiang Tang wanghe National Park, and puts forward that the establishment of national parks is the key to change and benefit management system and coordinated development in this stage.The third chapter Analyzes the problem that charged by several departments management caused by land tenure issues in the protected areas system, separate ownership and management issues and management business model issue. Clearly defines and classifies stakeholders, analyzes the relationship between the all parties interests and the imbalance of coordination interests.In the fourth chapter, to think one way to improve our system for protected areas as to the problem analyzed early, and to borrowing the advanced experience and lessons from national parks in developed countries. To improve relevant laws and regulations on management of national parks in macro and micro, to construct management business model, to increase national awareness and ecological concepts, to build interests coordination mechanism, all four aspects solve problems the between the state and enterprises, between national parks and the original inhabitants and so on.The five chapter makes a conclusion and prospects to the building of our national parks explores construction and development national parks with Chinese characteristics, under the premise of solving the question of the balance between ecological conservation and tourism development.