A Study On Rural Residential Land Layout And Optimization Which Is Based On Landscape Ecology

Rationalizing the layout of rural residential is not only a target which both urban and rural needs to achieve, but also is an important symbol of a new socialist countryside. How to use relatively simple scientific methods to study the rationality of rural settlements layout? And,what measures can effectively promote the optimization of rural residential layout? Researching on these problems deeply has a certain theoretical and pratical significance for the process of balancing urban-rural development and the new rural construction.This paper take the area of Jiajiang county in Sichuan province as an example, according to the problem of rationalization of rural residential layout, using the method of landscape ecology, analyed the residential landscape characteristics of different terrain regions respectively, different population density areas and different economic zones. On the basis, selecting natural and economic factors which are have significant effect to rural residential layout as clustering index. By clustering analysis, divided study area into three areas of residential layout. Then,on the basis of clustering analysis,chosed four villages which can represent the settlement layout type of Jiajiang and optimized for them, then the optimization results are analyzed. At last, combined with Jiajiang's specific situation, the optimization measures that will promote the residential layout were prorosed. Main contents and conclusions are summarized as follows:(1)The overall rural residential layout is unreasonable.①The disparity of rural residential area plaques quantiy and plaques area between Jiajiang's towns is great. Plaques have a low degree of similarity between each other,also their shapes are complicated.②The quantity of plaques can't decide the size of the scale of rural residential.③The characteristic of rural residential plaques is small scale and large quantity. The average area of rural residential plaques is 0.22hm2,but the proportion of rural residential areas which less or equal to 0.22hm2 is 60.47%,and the proportion of residential plaques's qualities is 60.88%.④The rural residential distribution is unbalanced and the spatial structure of them is not stable.The Fragmentation Index (FN) is 12.16, the Ratio of Area to Perimeter (AP) is 1.16, the Compartmentalization Index (F) is 3.80, and the Compatness Index(C) is 16.48, these indexes are far away to their ideal condition.(2)Terrain condition has a direct impact on the rural residential layout.①Affect the selection of rural reisidential site. This paper divided Jiajiang into 3 terrain areas:plain region(Ⅰ),rolling region(Ⅱ),and mountainous region(Ⅲ).The order of rural residential area(RA),P and N is same:Ⅰ>Ⅱ>Ⅲ.So plain region is more appropriate for siting rural residential.②Affect the complexity of patch shape.The value of Fractal Dimension(D) inⅠⅡⅢis 1.62,1.57 and 1.60; for Compactness(C),the value is 8.93,8.93 and 10.75; and for AP,the value is 0.95,1.28 and 1.19.These data indicate that the patch shape ofⅠis the most complicated,Ⅱsecond andⅢis relatively simple.③Affect the patch fragmentation.Patch Density (PD) ofⅠⅡⅢis 4.34,3.65and6.67 and for FN, the value is 4.92,2.80and5.14, these data indicate that the fragmentation ofⅢis the largest andⅡis the smallest.But F shows the compactness ofⅡis highest, maybe due to the land planning.(3)Population density of farmers has some certain influence on rural residential layout.This paper divided Jiajiang into three differernt population density regions:high density regions (ⅰ), middle density regions (ⅱ) and low density regions (ⅲ).①Population density of farmer has negative correlation with Patch Number (N), but has no significant relation with N, Average Patch Area (APA) and P.②Has little influence on patch shape. The value of AP inⅰⅱⅲis 1.12,1.24 and 1.11; indicated patch shape ofⅱis relatively simple. For D, the velue is 1.58,1.59 and 1.61:they have no obvious disparities, indicating the spatial structure of rural residential is not stable. For the Compactness, the order isⅰ<ⅱ<ⅲ, showed the shape ofⅰis more rules.③Affect the patch fragmentation. Patch Density(PD) ofⅰⅱⅲis 4.93,3.79 and 5.16;for FN,is 3.38,3.40 and 5.62; for F,is 3.52,3.08 and 4.74.So we can say the rural residential layout ofⅱis reasonable.(4) Economy income of farmers has significant effect on settlements layout. This paper divided Jiajiang into three different economic regions:high-income regions (Ⅵ), mid-incom regions (Ⅶ) and low-income regions (Ⅷ).①Affect the scale of residential.The order of Patch Number in different regions isⅥ<Ⅶ<Ⅷ. and the value is 9041,19608 and 26718; for APA, the order isⅥ>Ⅶ>Ⅷ, and the value is 0.24,0.23 and 0.22.This indicate that high-income regions have the largest APA, the least patch number and the highest concentration; but the situation in low-income regions is inversed.②Affect the complexity of patch shape.The value of AP inⅥⅦⅧis 1.21,1.19 and 1.16, indicate the shape of rural residential inⅥis simplest, inⅧis the most complex region.The order of AP and C inⅥⅦⅧis same:Ⅵ>Ⅶ>Ⅷ, so the shape of settlement patch inⅥis simple and the spatial structure is not stable, but the situation in low-income regions is inversed.③Affect the patch fragmentation. The order of FN and F inⅥⅦⅧis same:Ⅵ<Ⅶ<Ⅷ, and for patch density, the order is:Ⅵ<Ⅶ=Ⅷ, this indicate the relationship between famers' income and patch fragmentation is a negative correlation,but the factor of famers' income has a positive correlation with Compactness.(5)By clustering analysis, the settlement layout type will be divided into three comprehensive regions:low crushing and high-return region(ⅵ),middle crushing and middle benefit(ⅶ) and high crushing and low benefit area(ⅷ).The area ofⅵdivided by total land area is 17.96%,forⅶis 27.19% and forⅷis 54.85%.These dates combined with the characteristic of crisscross distribution indicate that settlement layout is scattered and fragmentable.Among three regions,the layout character ofⅵis determined by ceramics industry and transportation factors,forⅶis determined by location and policy factors and forⅷis determined by economic development situation and urban-rural planning factors.(6)To some extent,settlement landscape patteren becomes more reasonable after optimizing.Case study selected four villages:Datong,Xinghe,Xiuwen and Zijing, and the type of settlement of them are not entirely concentrated,anlong the lines of communication,free type and along the valley.Optimization analysis showed that the patch shape tends to simplified and the degree of fragmentation was significantly reduced.After optimization,for Datong, the AP is raised from 1.19 to 1.60,the FN is reduced form 0.08 to 0.02;for Xinghe, AP is raised from 1.14 to 2.40,FN is reduced form 0.13 to 0.01; for Xiuwen, AP is raised from 0.85 to 1.83,FN is reduced form 0.14 to 0.01 and for Zijing, AP is raised from 1.27 to 1.81,FN is reduced form 0.02 to 0.01.Fially,the suffestions from the perspective of the capital investment, optimal timing, planning, improve policies and ideas changing are proposed to promote the optimization of the layout of Jiajiang's settlements.