The Study Of The Quality Of Employment

Employment quality has increasingly become a matter of utmost concern among scholars, governments and enterprises as well as employees from industrialization through the knowledge-economy era with high-level globalization and information. A basic consensus has been formed that the quality of employment is not only involved in sociology, economics, welfare economics and scopes of political science, but also in the micro management disciplines such as psychology, pedagogy. Foreign scholars have noticed the important role of the quality of employment before long and raised their own opinions about understanding of employment quality and measures to resolve related problems in their respective fields. Because China's market-orientated economy was born from the planned-economic system, the quality of employment has been paid less attention to. With advancing of market-oriented process, the study of the quality of employment is essential to keep our economy and society more stable so as to enhance global competitiveness.This paper classifies and analyzes employment quality literatures since industrialization, focusing on following aspects: concepts and components of employment quality, dimensions and standards for measuring employment quality, measuring methods, driving and balancing mechanism for enhancement of employment quality policies and the status of employment quality local and abroad. Moreover, the evolution of study of employment quality has been extracted and some suggestions have been provided in the end of the paper.In view of its concept, the quality of employment is a multi-level concept easy to be developed and changed. In microeconomic level, it refers to the subjective feelings of employment, the objective employment environment. In middle-level, it represents the situation of the labor market and the efficiency of resource allocation. In macroeconomic level, it refers to that global workers have decent work. In view of the standard for measuring employment quality, the quality of employment shows significant differences at different levels. It is measured mainly by the ILO for decent employment standards and international standards to measure social responsibility in Macro-level. The methods to measure quality of employment include weighted-index average and comprehensive evaluation. In view of factors influencing the quality of employment policy enhancement, driving mechanisms include:(1) human capital (2) unified labor market (3) elimination of discrimination in employment (4) technological progress and globalization; balancing mechanism include :(1) balancing formal and informal employment to safeguard the interests of vulnerable groups (2) balancing quantity and quality of employment to improve quality in the expansion of employment (3) balancing employment and economic development to promote effective employment (4) balancing employment equity and employment efficiency. In view of the status quo of employment quality, it is far lower in developing countries than that in developed countries, mainly manifested in poor working conditions, low income, lack of stability, high working hours and intensity and low social security coverage. The situation is not optimistic and urgent solutions are needed to control hidden risks.