| Twenty first century, it is generally realized by all the countries in the world that developing the public transit system is the fundamental way to solve the city transit problem. The urban rail transit is characteristic in large transit quality, quick rapid and good environment protection, so it takes great effect in solving city transit jams, improving city space structure, protecting city environment and promoting city sustainable development.As quasi city public goods, the urban rail transit has great externality. When people study the externality of urban rail transit, they only take external benefit into account. People don't pay more attention on the external cost of urban rail transit. According to Western Economics, this paper make a classifying, analyzing, evaluating and internalizing research on the externality, in order to minimize the negative externality of the urban rail transit and maximize the positive one.First, the author makes a brief introduction to the classification and characteristics of URT, and necessity for cities choosing rail transportation. Then, from the angle of economics, the author classifies the externality of rail transportation. Starting from sustainable transportation theories, the author displays that establishing key transport development strategy is a rational choice in China, which is a developing country.Second, starting from the external costs of transportation, the author classifies the external costs of transportation, analyzes that in terms of air pollution, noise, and traffic accidents, and compares with other transport methods. The focus of this paper is to try to build URT external cost evaluation system. According to the URT external cost evaluation system, the author gets the result that the external costs of rail transportation is much smaller than those of other transportation methods.Finally, If we want rail transportation to make the smallest external costs, we must take the strategy of external costs minimization. |
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