Research On The Urban Rail Transit Pricing Methods From The Perspective Of Sustainable Development

The revenue of urban rail traffic ticket is the most normal and most stable source to recovery the capital of construction,to maintain the normal operation.Currently,China’s urban rail transit operations are in a seriously loss condition,mainly in the following aspects: the first is the T central city is expanding rapidly by supporting urban rail transit,and there are less passenger flow in line remote and suburban areas,which directly impact the ticket revenue of urban rail transportation enterprises,the second is that the differences between the urban rail transit ticket fares and other traffic modes are not considering reasonably,which leads to the low urban rail transit passenger sharing rate,and directly impact the city rail transit fare income;the third is the urban rail transit passenger flow in different stages are defect seriously.In order to keep the urban rail transit financial sustainable developing,the losses needs to be reduced.Therefore,the "sustainability" mentioned in this paper mainly refers to maximize the number of passengers to take the city rail transit and reduce the subsidies to city rail transportation enterprises with the goal of increasing business income fare,and then to achieve the coordination development of the city rail traffic and other traffic modes.This paper firstly analyzed the urban rail transit pricing research status at domestic and abroad and the main problems needs to be solved in this paper;Secondly,discussed the pricing mechanism and practice of urban rail transit and investigated the necessity of the government pricing for urban rail transit from the angles of inherent property and government regulation theory,and stated the pricing mechanism and process of urban rail transit from three aspects: pricing method,pricing procedure and pricing adjustment process.Then,the paper investigated the urban rail transit pricing method from the urbanization perspective and put forward the pricing target of urban rail transit based on the city expansion distance,cost,and city rail transit fare three influencing factors;at the same time,the paper analyzed the city rail transit pricing objectives from the life cycle cost of urban rail line,the income of the land development along the traffic line and the passenger flow along the line.This paper puts forward the pricing model of urban rail transit from the perspective of urbanization based on the relationship between the revenue and the cost in the process of developing the urban rail transit to promote the expansion of the central city to realize the urbanization.Fourthly,this paper studied the pricing method of urban rail transit from the perspective of urban comprehensive transportation,and put forward the concept of comparative advantage degree of different traffic modes based on the theory of comparative advantage.The paper analyzed the influencing factors of buses,urban rail transit,taxi and other modes of transportation comparative advantage from the competitive and cooperative factors,and based on the maximization of passengers’ travel benefit,constructed the double layer pricing model of urban rail transit which taken the coordinated development of urban comprehensive transportation system into the consideration.Fifth,this paper studied the fare optimization method of urban rail transit system from the perspective of enterprise sustainable development.Taking government,enterprise,passenger as research objective,the paper analyzed their pricing objectives and based on the factors that influence the achievement of the business sustainable,government financial resources bearing,passengers paying their travels,proposed the pricing model of urban rail transit from the perspective of single system.The main innovations of this paper are as follows:(1)sort out the urban rail transit pricing mechanism,pricing method,pricing process etc.of London,Tokyo,Singapore,Beijing,Shanghai,Hongkong,and classified the pricing methods from the two aspects of cost pricing and social benefit pricing.Finally we proposed the applicability of various pricing methods.(2)taking the costs and the balance of benefits as the core,considering the costs of planning,construction and operation,as well as the ticket fares,the land development benefit along the urban rail transit line,put forward the city rail transit pricing model and calculation method,and done the simulation analysis of the relationship between rail transit fare and the distance of city expansion.Compared with the existing research,not only the costs of planning,construction and operation,fares in whole process and land development benefits are taken into account,but also the factors considered are more comprehensive.(3)On the basis of discussing the advantages of each mode of urban passenger transport,the main factors affecting the dominant degree of traffic mode are analyzed,and the pricing model of comprehensive traffic sustainable development considered the fare variable is constructed.(4)The pricing model and calculation method of urban rail transit development,such as "start","growth" and "stability" are proposed.