Environmental Characteristics Of Farmland And Security System Construction For Agricultural Product Quality Of Wujiang County

With the increasing anthropogenic disturbance to natural environment, food quality andsafety has been paid so much attention that lots of countries have been carrying on studiesabout the construction of food quality and safety system. While the building of food qualityand safety system is only preliminary currently in China, thus researches on relationshipbetween farmland and quality of agricultural product, construction of quality and safety ofagricultural product will benefit the quality supervision on agricultural product "fromfarmland to table". Based on long-term field experiments, surveys of farmland environmentand farmers, this paper taking Wujiang county of Jiangsu province as an example studiedthe change of soil quality, dynamics of water and air quality in farmland and farmers'production behaviors. Furthermore, it also analyzed the construction of quality and safetysystem of agricultural product in Wujiang. Conclusions have been drawn as follows:Soil quality in farmland showed significant differences under different managementregimes. Integrated implication with organic manure and chemical fertilizers enhanced soilquality significantly. While accumulations of soil heavy metals must be paid much attentionto under long-term organic manure implying. Prescription fertilization promised high andstable productions of crops and ensured agricultural sustainable development. It was notavailable to rely on chemical fertilizers only or reduce the implied amount of them. Whatwas worse, large amount of chemical fertilizers implied would harm the ecologicalenvironment in agriculture. Appropriate straw returning increased soil organic matter andcarbon and nitrogen stocks in soil biota, which in turn benefited conservations of soil waterand nutrients and promoted crop growth.Water in farmland and air quality in Wujiang has been promoted in recent 5 years. Airquality in downtown of Wujiang reached the second degree requirements of "Chinese airquality standards" (GB3095-96), only except few days whose content of inhalableparticulate matters exceeded the standards from 2001 to 2005. Quality of surface water inWujiang met the standards basically, but contents of NH₃-N and TP were still major factorsinfluencing water quality in rivers. Rural environment indicated a deteriorating trend. Especially, siltation of rural rivers, water and non-point source pollution induced bylivestock and human manure and crop straw needed more effective measures. Evaluation offarmland quality showed that farmland environment in Wujiang met the requirement ofproduction of safe agricultural products. Due to the implications of fertilizers and pesticidesin history, the content of Hg in few fields exceeded the standards.According to researches from farmers' surveys, there were significant differencesbetween farmers in options of administration of farmland and technology. Agriculturalmanagement scale and benefit was the key factor that farmers decided the conservativetechnology on farmland. The cultivated area that each farmer owned was decreasing andthe rate of straw return was dropping. There was a positive correlation between averagepersonal income from cropping and the rate of straw return.Agricultural product safety system discussed by "four systems and one mechanism"could be built in Wujiang. Four systems consisted of quality standard system constructionof agricultural product, inspection and testing system, certification and cognizance systemand safety credit system. The mechanism was source tracing of quality safety. Only if weinsist quality headstream and safeguard mechanism at every link, economic, social andecological harmonization and unification could be achieved.