Study On Transfer Surplus Rural Labor Force In Three Provinces Of Northeastern China

It's a prevalent phenomenon that labor force transfers from agriculture with decreasing returns to scale to industry with increasing returns to scale during the early time of development in every developed country. It is necessary that labors'transfer from the first industry to the second and the third industry for economic development, which has been confirmed by both theory and practice. China is the largest development country in the world, whose strong economic increase must be along with great arbors'transfer from agriculture to non-agriculture industry. Northeast in China has the character of more quantity of average plantation possession and one-time ripe crops, furthermore, it is an important industry base and provision production area, whose agricultural labors'transfer matters northeastern industry development and national provision security. Therefore, this text introduces and evaluates related theories on flow of agricultural surplus labor by normative analysis, elaborates the definition problem of agricultural surplus labor, subsequently analyzes the present condition and restrictive factors of transfer of agricultural surplus labor in Northeastern China by positive analysis, and, at last, puts forward policy suggestion to realize efficient transfer of rural surplus labor in Northeastern China from the angle of the regional economics and the development economics.Besides the introduction and the conclusion, the paper is divided into four parts.Part I. The related theories review on the transfer of rural surplus labor There are a lot of related theories on the transfer of rural surplus labor, but this text mainly introduction three kinds of theories for the sake of analysis, that is, theories and thought of Classic, Neo-Classic and Marx. Classic theory on transfer of rural surplus labor emphasizes the function of industry in economic development and attraction of industry to agricultural surplus labor, but neglects agricultural development; Neo-Classic theory inherits classic above-mentioned thought and pays more attention to agricultural envelopment; The introduction of Marx's thought concentrates on the influence of technique progress on transfer of rural surplus labor.Part II. The definition and measurement of surplus rural laborTo reasonably measure the quantity of agriculture surplus labor force in Northeastern in China must define the agriculture surplus labor at first. Therefore, we briefly review the issue about the definition of agriculture surplus labor in economic history at this part, put forward the viewpoint that the essence of agricultural labor's surplus is the surplus of agricultural labor's time so that we pave way for the adoption of labor time measurement method, and get the conclusion that the number of agricultural surplus labor in Northeast in China is 2.607 million.Part III. The present situation and restrictive factors of transfer of surplus rural labor in Northeast in ChinaSome problems which Northeastern in China meets in the progress of surplus rural labors'transfer are national, some are regional, and some are provincial differences problems. But the national and regional problems isn't our purpose, we pay more attention to the provincial differences of Northeast in China on the condition of national and regional problems. Firstly: differences of quantity and structure. The rural labor working in Non-agriculture industries in Liaoning province with high income per person is the most, but the same number in Heilongjiang province with low income per person is the least, and Jilin province is in the middle. Secondly: differences of transfer speed. About this, Liaoning province is the faster, but Heilongjiang province and Jilin province is slower. Thirdly: difference of transfer scope. This scope is divided according to province inside and province outside. Scope in the transfer of Liaoning province is minimum, because about 90% persons of transfer labor is in Liaoning province; more inter-provincial transfer of rural labor occurs in Heilongjiang province and Jilin province. But the scale of Northeastern in China is smaller in the whole country. Fourthly: differences of profession degree. About this, Liaoning province is highest, Jilin province is lowest, and Heilongjiang Province is the middle.The factor that restricts the transfer of surplus rural labor in Northeastern China is mainly as follows: Firstly, the decline of employment capacity of urban economy and TVE in Northeastern China.; Secondly, institutional factors. Census system limits the liberty of rural labor's transfer. The imperfect of land system and social security system increases the"cares at home"of transfer of surplus rural labor. Thirdly, low organized degree lays the rural labor on the bad position of dissymmetry information and negotiations. Fourthly: the labor who has transfer to the non-agricultural industries can't get legal rights, which increases the mental cost and decreases the income anticipation of latent transfer. Fifthly, the agricultural technique lag in Northeastern China hides surplus rural labor and decreases the incentive to transfer from agriculture to non-agricultural industries. Part IV. Policy suggestions to sequent transfer the surplus rural labor in Northeastern China.We put forward the suggestion that the local transfer mode is main form, and transfer to city is secondary, which requires cultivation of relevant policy on the condition that the rural labor's transfer to city is promised. Because it is rural labor that chooses the mode of transfer, and government can't force them, policy lead is necessary by improving the rural circumstance to absorb the surplus rural labor.First of all, on one hand, creating more employment is necessary to urge the transfer of surplus rural labor. SME on service has strong employment capacity, so we must pay more attention to the development of SME when we emphasize the reform of old industrial base in Northeastern China. On the other hand, we must try our best to develop the TVE to use the mode of local transfer. Secondly, the institutional factors which block the transfer of surplus rural labor must be canceled, and the land institution and social guarantee institution must be perfected. Thirdly, the organized level of surplus rural labor in Northeast China should be elevated. At last, we have to exertive the act function of technique for labor under the circumstance that foods yield is guaranteed. And on the condition that each province in Northeastern China increases the quantity of agricultural biology and machine technique, the choice of tech path in each province should be paid more attention. Specifically, Liaoning province should emphasize the application of biology technique to save land resource; Heilongjiang province may apply more agricultural machine technique to replace the labor; Jilin province can take up the neutral technique.