The Research On The Requisition System Of The Rural Land In China

China is a big country in which agriculture accounts for a large fortune. The key to resolve the development of China is to deal with the problem 0f agriculture, rural areas and farmers in which the most important thing is to cope with the problem of the rural land. The land is means of livelihood of peasant's most important,basic and critical production, and the most reliable social security of countryside too. While land requisition is the most important and susceptible thing. Because the accelerating of industrialized process of urbanization and the steady process of building a new socialist countryside, the peasants would lose some land unavoidably in the process of which the phenomena of requisitioning the rural land becoming more and more. If it is not solved, it not only hurts farmers'economic benefits but al -so affect the social harmony and stability. Because the current land requisition system of our country took shape in the 1950s,it is the product of planned economic system. And it is still not adapt to socialist market economic system which is developing with each passing day, although it has been perfected for many years. and it performs obvious inadequacies and a great deal of important issues urgently to be solved. In order to further ameliorate the rural land requisition system of our country and to solve a series of economic beneficial problems resulting from the peasants who have lost their land because of its own defect of requisition system, I have written this thesis. The theme of this thesis is "Research on the Land Requisition of Rural Areas in China". In this thesis end several good suggestions about further ameliorate the rural land requisition system of our country are proposed. And the thesis is from the economic angle of view and on the basis of land rent and price theory of Marx's and Western. And the thesis profoundly analyzes some causes of existing problems in the current rural land requisition system of our country from four aspects including the theory of system economy, public select, land property rights and game in the same time learning good experiences from some representative foreign countries. Concretely this thesis consists of the following four parts:First part: The basic theory of rural land requisition system. First,this part introduces the concept and characteristics of the Land Requisition of Rural Areas in China, and it means the country changes from rural collective-owned into the state-owned land according the law on the basis of public goals and makes reasonable compensations to the farmers. It has five characteristic: authoritative, public, forceful, Compensative and right transferable. Therefore this paper introduces Marx's and Western theory of land rent and price. At last it describes the compensative theory of land requisition including the theory of acquisitive right, favor, public expropriation social duties and special sacrifice and three compensative principles of fullness, unfullness and appropriateness.Second part: The practice and the revelation of foreign countries'land requisition system to our country. This paragraph selects three symbolic country including the United States, Japan and German, which tells their beneficial experiences of land requisition in the course of modernization. Although these countries are belong to Capitalism private countries and they are different from our country, there still are significant to us in protecting farmers'interests and reasonably compensating. They provide some good references to our county in defining the public interests'range, market level in compensation prices, requisition procedure, and etc.The third part: The major problems and the causes of rural current land requisition system in China. This paragraph summarizes the practices of land requisition since the People's Republic of China and shows the shortcomings and inadequacies. For example the range of land requisition is not clear, the procedure is not standard and arrangements of requisitioned farmers are not equitable, especially the compensative standard is not reasonable, which result in rural cultivated land waste and farmers'interests'damage. And why these problems have happened? Of course there are many reasons. This thesis profoundly analyzes the existing shortcomings in rural land requisition from the four major causes which are the theory of institutional economy, rural land properties, public select, games between local governments and farmers. From these analyses we can find the key of existing problems in rural land requisition.The fourth part: The basic thinking and countermeasure of perfecting the system of current land requisition of our country. Only we understand the theory, can we find the ways to resolve these problems. On the basis of the analysis above the third part, several effective countermeasures are made including severely defining the scope of public interest, enhancing the level of requisition compensation, ensuring the rights of farmers taking part in land requisition, building the correct ways of arranging requisitioned farmers and the system of effectively oversightIn sum, there are many outstanding problems in the course of rural land requisition system. Economically these problems influence rural land resource allocation because low compensative fees can't reflect the scarcity extent of rural land; Politically these problems induce local governments at all levels to establish rent and seek rent because of radically different prices between land requisition compensation and land transference except that there are not transparent limits in freely judgement rights. Socially some obvious contradictories are resulted from unfair distribution in requisition economic benefits, which influence the social harmony and the process of building the new socialist countryside. Therefore, the research of China'rural land requisition system is of great theoretical and practical significance.