| Water is a natural resource of everyday living and economic resource of economy developing as well. More important, it is the foundation of sustainable development of economic society. Water industry means the industrial chain that formed by raw water, water supply, water saving, water discharging, sewage disposal and the recycling of water resource. The water producing, purifying, and supplying belongs to public utilities and it is relative to the national economy and the people's livelihood. It covers the characters of different fields, such as defensive fields and natural monopolization fields. The product demand and supply of this industry is relatively stable and commonly used. For a long term, the water industry is monopolized by the government, the efficiency of this industry is low and not keep path with the market. The Environment protection issue raised higher requirements to the sewage disposal and water quality guarantee of water supply. The water industry of the metropolis in China is now facing challenges and pressures from different sides. In the trend of accomplishing the market economic system, nation-widely, China is now taking an enhancement of the market revolution of water industry. The recent condition of the water industry in China will be changed; this industry will have a large potential developing space which will make the whole market into fast developing phases.In the theory of public industry and reform of basic establishment industry, theories as imperfect competition,industrial organization,public products,rural economics,public selection of micro economics and theories on enterprise,government and monopolization of systemic economics form the academic base of marketization of water industry.The success of western administrative reform in marketization suggests that the marketization in public area to get the balance between marketable mechanism and communal function will still be the main approach of administrative reform in every country. When use the success as reference, we should realize that the socialist market economy system in our country is at its beginning. The differences of political system,background of reform,base of economy and mode of aim between China and western countries make a determination of basic principles of water industrial marketization: we can't weaken the public interest;state-owned assets must be the main body for water industry;giving balance among efficiency dispassion,placidity;government should strength the supervision of urban water industry.Now the marketization of urban water industry of China become the focus gets much attention from government,enterprise and public. During the process of marketization of urban water industry, some problems should be regarded: First of all, government should act as a governor and to constitute regulations,establish environment and do supervision and safeguard. One of the characteristics of urban water industry is public, which determines that government should be responsible for terminal situation of marketization of urban water industry, which is on the base of marketable mechanism. Secondly, it is necessary to consummate the legal insurance and policy support for industrial management. So we should establish suitable policy and laws, to construct a general and systemic system of policy and industrial criterion. The third point is to improve versatile patterns of investment with the government as main body. For the construction of water industrial establishment, government should be the leading of investment while marketization acts as assistant. As to the operation of facility, it may act thoroughly marketable when strengthen the induction,neatly exercising versatile patterns of investment and innovating the financing means. The last one is to perfect the system of monitor ship and management of government. The key is to reinforce the supervision and administration of State-owned assets,water industrial establishment,order of market,production and operation and action of administration. |
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