Insurance In Chinese Rural Area And Governmental Responsibility

Living is the basic requirements for human being. Even though most social members could survive through their own efforts, there are still parts of them who need the help of country, society or other people to avoid living crisis. Chinese national economy is mainly agriculture. Since the time of Yao and Sun, there has already existed the policy to pacify and appease people. In addition, ruling classes had to take some social insurance as appeasement, safeguarding and relief to lyses class antagonism. For example, modern KMT government promulgated The Rule of Relief Department in Areas in May, 1928, and the Act of Social Relief, and defined the relief administrative system. The CCP government also took some social insurance practice in the liberated areas. After the foundation of new China, the PRC devoted in raising national economic level, improving people's living, therefore, social insurance has been greatly and rapidly developed. However the development of social insurance is not equilibrium. Farmers who occupy the large population in China are excluded outside the social insurance system. Meanwhile, with the social economic development, this unbalance has already increased. So it is clear the constructions of rural social insurance system have been the most important social problem in current China. But rural social insurance is a complex system, it can't be established merely but social groups or individual farmer instead of governmental involvement. The welfare country theory raised by P&S, national interference theory by S&S and Kens, and Marx's income deduct theory have become the basic theory, which expounded that the government should bear the responsibility for rural social insurance. The evidence that includes Chinese rural basic situation, the complexity of rural social insurance, the power and public trust of the governmental administration, and the great incensement of China's finance has become reality for Chinese government to share the responsibility in the sphere of rural insurance. The central government must follow the rules as fair, just which should suit economic level, limit share and the reasonable share of local government. Meanwhile, the central government should try best to promote the legal process and make sure the main structure, organize and guide the establishment of rural insurance system, in addition, provide financial fund and supervise the operation during the whole process of rural social insurance. We should strengthen the supervision on the performance of the governmental responsibility through establishing relative rules, restricting governmental action with rules. At the same time, we should regard the establishment of rural social insurance system as one of aims to evaluate the central government, and implement strictly the official inquisitorial system. Therefore, the rural social insurance should become practicable and develop healthly.