| The transfer of agricultural surplus labor is not only relevant to the modernization ofagriculture and animal husbandry, but also increase of earning and the course ofurbanization. It is the core of the three critical issues---agriculture, farmers andcountryside. Therefore, it arises the attention of both theoretical and practical workers,and becomes a hot issue in China today. The author intends to analyze the transfer ofsurplus labor in Tai 'an, a city in central Shandong Province, and clarify thedifficulties and problems this issue has been faced with. Moreover, the purpose is tooffer some basic countermeasures to it.Par One Introduction: 1 The origin and meaning of the study. With thedevelopment of economy, there is an objective tendency for argricultral labor to movegradually to the secondary and tertiary indusctry. Therefore, to expediate the rate oftranfer will surely be good for the development of the other two industries andurbanization. However, from a practical view, the rate was seriously slowed downbecause of a lot of reasons, such as the large cardinal number of the surplus labor, lowlevel in qualification, sluggish urbanization. They brought about the issue offamers……one of the three critical ones, and had bad effect on the economicdevelopment of agriculture. From a theoretical view, most of the reasearch on this issueanalyze the condition theoretically and briefly, but not thoroughly, concretly andpractically. So there are both practical and theoretical meaning to study this issue andfind the proper solutions.2.The definition of agricultural surplus labor and itstransfer.(1).Under certain productivity, there are more agricultural labor than thereasonable management needs. This part labor force is called surplus labor, whosedevotion to agriculture may produce a limit yield of zero or even minus quantity.(2).Itrefers to the move form agriculture to the secondary and tertiary industry.3.Acommentary statement of the forepassed research. The transfer of agriculture surpluslabor is usually accompanied by rualizaiton economic development in rural areas, andincrease in earning for famers. This has been proved by contemporary developmenteconomics.4.Main theories and study methods. This article tackles the transfer in Tai'an with the guidance of Marxism and the labor rate of production theories of zero valuelimit.5.Framework of the problems and analysis.Part Two Analysis of the present condition of the agricultural surplus labortransfer.1.A review of the past condition in Tai'an. The transfer in Tai'an experiencedthe following six stages:①slow transfer②comparative fast transfer③fast transfer④slow transfer⑤fast transfer⑥slowed transfer.2.Characteristics of the transfer inTai'an:①four new aspects in the tendency of the transfer②The labors in the transferdo pluralized jobs which are mostly related to agriculture.③Their income varied fromarea to area.④Female workers have more opportunities in other places than in theirnative town or villiage. Male workers moves more frequently among places than femaleones do.⑤There is an imbalance in transfer among different towns in Tai'an.Part Three Difficulties the transfer in Tai'an faced with: 1.The cardinal number isgetting larger and larger.2. Labor's qualifications are at a low level.3.The enterprises inthe towns of Tai'an are less capable of absorbing the surplus labor than before.4.Thelevel of urbanization is low.And there is a serious conflict among the large number ofsurplus labor in rural and urban areas.5.Because of the undeveloped labor market, thetransfer is simply a blind now.6.The social atmosphere is not good enough for labortransfer,Part, Four Countmeasures to Quicken the Transfer in Tai'an:1. The governmentshould take more effective measures to speed the economic development in Tai'an,especially township and privetely owned enterprised.2.The urbanization level should bepromoted.3. An ordered labor market among rural and urban areas, which will provideguarantee to the transfer, should come into exsistence as soon as possible. |
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