Study Of Land Expropriation Compensation Under The Frame Of Equity And Efficiency

Land conversion has been main characteristic of land utilization during rapid economic growth period. Under our current national land system, agricultural land turn into non-agricultural uses should follow such routine: land requisitioned, and then be allocated or leased. Farmers often get little compensation, not be settled and could hardly maintain their living standards due to imperfect rules and regulations and deviation of governmental role. It is unequal to infringe farmers' rights and interests. In response, suggest rural collective land enter market directly or distribute land benefit rationally between peasants and government after land expropriation.Undeniable, land conversion impacts national and regional macro-economy positively. Land expropriation compensation efficiency includes land allocation efficiency and labor allocation efficiency. Presently, Land expropriation compensation efficiency reflected mainly by contribution of land allocation efficiency and land leasing fee to economic growth. The former because of comparative interest between different land using departments, and the latter because of land leasing fee's public finance function.Distribution of land benefit-case study of Kunshan, Nanjing, Yangzhou and Suqian in Jiangsu province has showed that, land benefit farmers got much less than governments' portion, it is unfair; central and provincial governments' meager portion of the benefit from land conversion would weaken their economic control of the local governments' farmland protection. City governments' larger share of land benefit provides incentives for local governments who will converse farmland for the purpose of capital accumulation and provide land resources to developers at relative lower prices. As a result, farmland is conversed to nonagricultural sectors excessively, and which impact macro-economy negatively ultimately.It could be considered that our current land expropriation compensation system lack of both of equity and efficiency, partly due to imperfect land system, but government failure may be also considerable important. Government failure is common, but not all! Local government of Jiangsu Suzhou, Kunshan and Nanjing have innovated diversiform compensation method boldly, i.e. through economic incentive encourage enterprise employ peasants who lost their land, and housing compensation ensure who not only get permanent residence but also get financial resource through lending their houses, and discount land right as contribution to get enterprise revenue, and so on. Even though not all of which are perfect, they have achieved favorable social effect, and realized equity and efficiency to a certain extent.Thus it could be concluded that both of equity and efficiency be achieved only when: firstly, revise and improve relative law and regulations, ensure land compensation behavior has something to follow and go by; secondly, assess cultivated land value rationally, it is a prerequisite to realize fair compensation; thirdly, introduce land leasing fee fiscal budget, whereby revenue and expenditure are managed separately and the funds are used for specified purposes only, maximize economic utility; fourthly, land compensation is policy-oriented, we must proceed from real condition, try various method, elaborate program and launch pilot projects strictly; finally, carry out coordinating and verdict system, handling land compensation and resettlement disputes promptly and effectively.