The Policy Research Of Shanghai Farmer Non-Agriculture Employment

The existence and transference of the village surplus labor force, is the inevitable outcome of the economic development and the process that a nation or regions must experience in the transition from the agriculture society to the industy society. Exactly as that pointed out by Lenine, "development of commodity economy implies more and more population has been separated from agriculture", in other words, industrial population increases and agriculture population falls off . In course of industrialization and urbanizing, Shanghai suburban area cultivated area has fallen off gradually and agriculture productivity has improved unceasingly, population growing, these has brought about the common phenomenon that the village labor force is surplus. At the same time, the simple land income cannot provide sufficient life capital for farms. The data of 2004 displays that the salary income has already reached 78.5% of Shanghai rural area resident family's total income, non-agriculture employment is the mainest approach to improve the farmer's living standard. Therefore, the farmer must transfer to non-agricultural estate. Shanghai suburban area is developed area in the whole nation, the developing trajectory of Shanghai rural labor employment and the whole nation basic are identical in earlier stage. The characteristic of Shanghai rural labor is that the most farmers are not willing to be employment in non-local, but choosing to stay in locality, this has brought about difficulty to Shanghai farmer non-agriculture employment. So I think that the main way of Shanghai village labor's transference is non-agriculture employment, and the transference is geared to the all farmers, but not only the surplus labor force.In recent years, Shanghai city government has formulated series of policies and measures to help farmer obtain non-agriculture employment, specifically the"identical two"policy, vocational education programme of Action for 3 years etc, have given farmer and urban resident identical employment policies. These policies have got certain effect in boosting farmer non-agriculture employment, but the rates of non-agriculture employment has not reached ideal state, even appears change over and over again for sometimes. Analysing cause among these, be that the farmers'incorrect mentality about employment especially the young person group as well as the low institute of labor quality on very big degree. Of course, the fierce competition of labor force market,the government serves are not enough to all-round and go deep into and so on ,are also the main cause. Therefore, we suggest that the government should reinforce the leads of choosing job, rise the technical abilities through the government trains, support village level economy, develop tertiary industry energetically, perfect rural area social security system etc, improve the rate of non-agriculture employment and the farmer living standard.