Farmland Institutions Improvement Based On The Technical Terrace Of Farmland Classification And Graduation

China is a big agricultural country, and agriculture is the basis of national economical development. Relating to people's livelihood, the farmland institution is the basis and the core of rural economy institutions. The land resource basic situation of our country is large population with little land and insufficient farming reserve resources. Relations between people and land are extremely tense. Implementing reform and open policy for more than 20 years, our country city land market construction already have begun to take shape, but countryside land market actually develops extremely slowly because of land right institutional framework existing constitutive flaw, low agriculture comparative advantage, imperfect correlation necessary system , the peasant lacking motive to circulate land rights and so on. Now the farmland resources disposition of marketability level is low, mainly is still by the equal distribution of administrative method. After China joining the WTO, it is important for promoting Chinese agriculture and rural development to how to realize the adjustment and the innovation of the farmland institutions, due to the background of agricultural products facing to intense competition in the international market, the pressure of developing efficiencal agriculture and realizing agricultural structure strategical readjustment, and the guidance of building a well-off society and a socialist harmonious society.This paper is guided by the land rent and price theory of Marxism, changing institutions theory and the scale-conducting theory, meanwhile uses many kinds of methods including literatural analysis, unifying the theoretical analysis and the real diagnosis analysis, the comparative analysis and the system analysis. Literature-based access to information on the land system, the system of farmland, farmland property rights system and the operating system of farmland, farmland management system, farmland classification , farmland graduation, farmland valuation, and other basic concept, content and the inherent links; Theory is the basis of practical problems. Analyzing the major problem in current farmland system, it is to enrich and substantiate the theory; Adoption of a new management system compared the existing household system, new agricultural cooperative system shares the advantage. Putting the improvement design of agricultural systems into the rural economy and national economy as a whole system, a comprehensive analysis and studying the problems, to find the elements of the inter linkages between the law and its exploration operational mechanism.Firstly, this paper introduces land system, the system of farmland, farmland property rights system and the operating system of farmland, farmland management system, classification of farmland, valuation of farmland, and other basic concepts as well as the land rent and price theory of Marxism, changing institutions theory and the scale-conducting theory. Secondly, based on the theory of reform and opening, it describes the development of the farmland institution after China's course of development. Thirdly, it analyzes the root causes of the farmland system and the objective conditions of farmland system improvement. Finally, it proposes that we should establish the long-term mechanisms of the farmland transference, strengthen rural cadastral management system construction after nationwide farmland classification and farmland valuation.Our land reform is not a simple system to reform and reform, its fundamental purpose is to solve the farmers' problems in new century, to achieve the varieties from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture, to achieve the transfer of rural surplus labor force, to promote farmers' incomes, to protect the rare culitivated land resources and to ensure the country's food security. Therefore, the transformation of farmland institutions need to modify the laws and regulations of farmland-related systems, to further strengthen the building of social security system in rural areas, to strengthen the government's self-building, to improve the functions of government, to establish the "integration" household registration system in urban and rural areas and to abolish the "farmers" accounts, promoting the improvement building of farmland improvement jointly.A new farmland joint-stock cooperative institution may practice in regions where conditions permit It can realize that the contract-manage right is to discount investment, and promote the building of the farmland transference market. The new farmland joint-stock cooperative institution is the innovative of China's rural economical organizations. Through farmland classification and valuation, agricultural resources can be to share at a scientific and reasonable price orderly. Farmland market plays an important role in the allocation of resources. The circulation and concentrate on agricultural land are promoted. After the scale expansion of farmland, agricultural economies of scale are enhanced. This new organizational form must adapt to the development of the rural market economy, embody the principle of farmer's voluntary benefit mutually and fully. This new organizational form must be able to solve the access of farmers and markets effectively, to industrialized operation of agriculture, to safeguard farmer's benefits truly, and to improve the incomes of farmers fundamentally.