The Study On The Market-Featured Reform For Public Utilities

Public utilities determine the existence and development of modern society, its price level and service way has direct correlation with public vital interest. As public utilities have characteristics of nature monopoly, public welfare and political sensitivity, so mostly provided by the public department (primarily the government) in traditional way. However, since 20th century the 70 and 80's new public management movement has been starting in western nations, the public utilities reform becomes one of interesting topic in public management domain. In the influence of new liberalism economic theories, the reform subject has manifested "the government function weakens with the market value returns". Some developed western countries and partial developing nations have all adopted the market reform pattern. In our country, with the reform of market economy system gradually advances, as well as the influence of western new public management movement, the market-featured reform for public utilities have already pulled open the curtain ,in some cities (for example:Beijing, Shenzhen, Shanghai, Xiamen, Qingdao and so on) have already carried out characteristic explorations in certain domains. The market-featured reform for public utilities in China moves towards thoroughly in the unceasing exploration.The market-featured reform for public utilities has deep theory foundation and bright practice impetus, it obtained great achievement in the global scope. However, as the market itself flaw, the government and the market have wrong role localization, so that causes risk in theory and practice. In order to thoroughly inspect the complete picture of the market-featured reform for public utilities, get rid of disease which simply equates the public utilities reform to the market reform, and pushes the public utilities reform, the author select the topic and carry on independent ponder and thoroughly studies.This article according to the blew logical order: The first part is to find theory foundation of the market-featured reform for public utilities, introduce the background and origin of reform, and infer the leading value of market-featured reform; The second part adopts the method which unions theory and practice, has analyzed the complete picture of the Beijing fuel gas enterprise reforms. As contrast ,introduce the Shenzhen public utilities reform ,finally obtains two kind of reforms mentalities; The third part has charring on profound reconsidering to the market-featured reform of public utilities , and promulgated its difficulty and risk; The fourth part proposes the new way of the market-featured reform of public utilities----constructs the new governance model for public utilities.The article occupying of innovations in the following: (1) It comprehensive summaries two kind of reform mentalities in our country: One is that take the reform of Beijing as representative, the way of reform is steady; the other has the innovative reform way, such as Shenzhen. (2)The article obtains the new governance model for public utilities. In final part analyzes the basic principle of supplying public utilities by the graphical, and indicates the present reform pattern of public utilities in our country: with the market has leadership, the government directs the government pattern and the society has widespread participation. According to each different domain, has different reform actions.(3) Considering the unceasing consummation of public utilities reform in our country, the author proposes the direction of reform : The public utilities incessant realizes socialization goal until the third department have the leadership in public utilities domain and the government and market will giving proper function. This governance model limits the relations of government, market and society, as wall as designs the specific pattern of reform for present and future.