Study On China Certification System Of Product Quality

The modern certification appears in Britain first. In Britain, people created the first certification sign in the world in 1903. It was the kite mark that made up by B and S, which labeled on the rails for their quality level. In 1922, this mark which still being used now, registered according to British Trademark Law and became the certification sign that protected by law. From 1920, countries such as Germany, Austria, etc. imitated one after another and set up the certification systems according to their own national standards. By the fifties of the 20th century, the certification systems was basically popularized in all industrial developed countries. Our country joined International Standards Organization (ISO) in September of 1978. From that time, we began to know certification was an effective mean for carry on appraising, supervision, management of products quality. At the same time, it is an effective measure for various countries'standard implementing too. In 1981, the first product quality certification organization, Chinese electronic devices and components certification committee, was set up in our country, which indicated quality products certification of our country starts formally. The quality certifications of the products can be found everywhere in daily life. But in the law cycle, it is still not very developed, and administrative law circles have not paid enough attention either. With the enlargement of the influence of"national tooth preventing group"case in the whole country, people realized the importance of the study on products quality certifications more and more.This text has introduced the development of quality certification in the first part briefly, defined the relevant concepts of quality certification of the products and analyzed the function of certification. This part has explained the relationship between the quality certification of the products and the certification system of the quality emphatically. Both of them are activities engaged by third parties and the products quality system of the applied companies. Firstly, quality system certification is evaluated and checked based on ISO9000 clan standard. Secondly, quality system of certification of products are depends on regulations of certification organization. Thirdly, the trend of products quality certification is that from coordinating with the quality system certification for avoiding evaluating repeat. The two are obviously different in targets and permissions.In the second part, the author have given a brief introduction to the certification of foreign countries. The legal systems of certification in developed countries (such as Britain, Germany, Japan, and U.S.A.) have their own characteristics. Among them there are several points in the common characteristic as following. First of all, as described above, the developed country were all regulated the market after it's adjust and control by itself, finally solve serial problems appearing in the market of certification effectively. Secondly, the government was in the position of macro adjustments and controls in certification legislate. Moreover, every domestic product quality certification lays particular emphasis on the Chinese Compulsory Product Certification (CCC Certification). Finally, technological regulation and the standard are various in styles and strict. The time that set up of the approval procedure of our country is later; from draw lessons from various countries, we have had notable effects, though we are facing a lot of problems at the same time. There are four stages together: working pilot projects of certification and starting stages from 1980 to 1991; all-round way pursuing stage to certification from 1991 to 1992; From 1992 to 2001, several sets of setting-up stages of the approval procedure and approving the system ran side by side; from 2001 to now, basically sets up stage to the present system of certification and approval.Our government pursues products approval procedure, management system approval procedure and approval procedure of the service according to the needs of economic and social development. Since the establishment of Certification and Accreditation Administration of People's Republic of China, it released"the regulation of Chinese Compulsory Product Certification (CCC Certification)","the Chinese Compulsory Product Certification (CCC Certification) marks management","first set of catalogues which implement the Chinese Compulsory Product Certification (CCC Certification)","rule that the Chinese Compulsory Product Certification (CCC Certification) is implemented"successively since 2001. And files such as supplementary one,"implementing the Chinese Compulsory Product Certification (CCC Certification) about the regulation of arranging","expenses standard of the Chinese Compulsory Product Certification (CCC Certification)", etc. Issue of file these of our country mandatory products basis that approval procedure run, indicated the Chinese Compulsory Product Certification (CCC Certification) of our country has already run under a unified system. In sum, the legal system of certification of our country, has already absorbed international certification to approve of the beneficial method of the activity, consider of our country certification approve field and of our country actual conditions of economic construction fully, around adapting to the economic and social development of our country, improve a series of basic principles and management systems of the needs of products, service and management system quality. Engaged in certification approve activity right, voluntary relation and relevant legal liability of each subject through norm, especially approve to the certification at all levels that supervise and manage the clear regulations of the duty, working routine, supervision and restraint mechanism of the department, approve, supervise, manage as to certification department insist administering the state according to law, change government's function, advance certification to approve the development of the undertaking has important directive significance. In the fifth in this part, I have analyzed supervision networks of the market of certification of our country emphatically; have recommended China's national certification to approve that supervises the administrative management function of the board of trustee.This text carries on the deep analysis to domestic product quality approval procedure existing problem in the third part. Proposed that the regulatory work of certification in domestic product quality certification is in low level and have low validity; Legal duties of certification crossed; the legal liability of certification is unclear in definition; Certification standard and technical specification are not as high as internationalized intensity. In addition, the certificate management is confused, invalid certificate situation are continue be used, the certification organization is negligent of the branch to manage. Nevertheless, the situation payed no attaition to the management but the benefit, have caused the public trust of certification to drop constantly even more.The fourth part of the thesis has proposed some suggestions in improving my domestic product quality approval procedure. Should further improve the relevant legal systems of certification first. Secondly will set up and promote unified standard system. Moreover, set up and carry out severe supervision measure and strengthen personal management raise independent managements of the trades but also essential. Certification self-perfection on organization should constant too, for example strengthen in-house staff training, improve personnel's quality; Propagate basic conception and knowledge of quality certification, leading enterprises to strengthen the work of technological foundation correctly and internal management extensively, and develop the activity of according with the quality certification of the international practice. Moreover, enterprises must improve understanding of quality certification and joining quality certification too. The development of the certification undertaking of our country, should depend on the joint efforts of the government, certification organization and enterprise, then we could build a sound certification market.