Analysis And Assessment Of Energy And Environmental Benefits Of New Energy Vehicles

In facing the ever increasing pressure of serious fossil fuel resources shortage and environment pollution, the relevant government departments together with the industry have actively launched many R & D and application programs for new clean energy vehicles with the consideration of Chinese energy resource characteristics in addition to improving the technical level of the traditional vehicles. Achievements in research and development have been made in the filed of alternative fuel vehicles, e.g. CNGV & LPGV, methanol, ethanoal, dimethyether, bio diesel and synthetic fuel vehicles and in the field of electric vehcles and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.During the time period from"9th five-year-plan"to"11th five-year-plan", large scale pilot operation programs have been undertaken by the Chinese government."Clean Auto Vehicle Action Steering Group"was established and the significant scientific research and product research work have been done jointly by the industry, universities and research institutes. A system of policy and standards and regulations concerning LPGV and CNGV has been established and a certain production capacity and application and after sales service capability have been formed. By the end of 2007, total of 25 cities and areas were selected as the key pilot cities and areas for clean vehicle application and the total population of CNGV and LPGV increased to 300,000(190,000 CNGV and 110,000 LPGV) from less than 10,000. have been completed and 712 filling stations (CNG filling stations of which 357, LPG filling stations 355).The subject's research contents are divided into two parts: The first part is the energy consumption and pollutant discharge analysis and evaluations of diesel and LPG, CNG, methanol (M85, M10), ethanol (E10) and other types of alternative fuels in the entire life cycle since the fuel production to the vehicle operation. The second part is focused on the comprehensive evaluations on the overall energy efficiency, environmental benefits and economic benefits when application of CNGV and LPGV.The whole process which we called he product life cycle is that since the exploitation and processing of the raw materials, product manufacturing and packaging, transportation and sales, to be used by consumers, reprocessing and maintenance, then finally recycling or disposing as waste. Vehicle whole life cycle refers to two stages which including fuel exploitation, processing,transportation (WTT) and the use of the vehicle (TTW). From the view of whole life cycle, the energy consumption, capital input and pollutant discharge of vehicles does not only exist in the operation period of the vehicle, but also in the process of the fuel production and the transportation. Therefore, only by researching of the vehicle whole life cycle are we can really know if various of fuel energy used on the vehicle can reach the purpose of energy saving and pollution abatement when it is permitted by the economic costs.The GREET model of Argone Research Lab of the US was used as the reseach tool in the subject, which make the analysis and evaluation on the energy consumption and pollutant discharge of all kinds of alternative fuels in their whole life cycle. The GREET model was developed in 1995 by Argonne National Laboratory, United States (Abbr: ANL) which is used to the evaluation of the energy consumption and emission of the fuel and vehicle from well to wheel (WTW) in their whole life cycle.This subject made an in-depth and comprehensive investigation in the key pilot cities and areas for new energy vehicle application in China's, did the field researches together with the surveys by emails and phone calls, have already obtain many first hand information on the vehicle types under the demonstration, the pilot run scale, the technical characteristics, the infrastructure construction and etc. Made the analysis and summary on the influence and effects of the application of the new energy vehicles on the economy,society and environment. Also analysis various factors which impact on the popularization of the new energy vehicles.Use the GREET model, established the life cycle computation and analysis mode for all types of fuels with the characteristics ourselves which based on the acquired first-hand information, as well as taking the practical situation of our country's new energy into consideration Take advantage of this model, we analyzed the energy consumption and emission of the LPG, CNG, methanol, ethanol and other fuel during the process of exploitation, production, transportation and during the period when they used on the vehicles .Finally calculated the energy consumption and emission values of the alternative energies during the WTT period of their whole life cycle,And made the comparison, analysis and evaluation of the alternative energies on the respects of their total consumptions, pollution and the emission of the green house gases compared with the gasoline and fossil oil.After obtaining the values of the energy consumption and emission of LPG, CNG, methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol during the period of material exploitation, producing and transportation, this subject made a selective comprehensive analysis and evaluation on the application of CNGV and LPGV in their whole life cycle. And select the reference vehicle which compared with the traditional vehicles according to the real running condition of the vehicles under demonstration.Select the gasoline 1.6 liter tank, four-stroke in-line four-cylinder, water-cooled two-valve, multi-point EFI, overhead valve, with three-way catalytic devices, 5 manual transmission one, which the emissions in accordance with the standard GB18352.2-2001 (equal to EuropeanⅡstandard) as the reference of the fuel taxicab ,LPG single-and double-fuel buses, CNG dual-fuel vehicles and gasoline bus which equipped with FAW CA6102Q gasoline engine ,CNG single fuel bus and the diesel bus which equipped with the Weichai WT615 diesel engine as the reference vehicles.After the selection of the reference vehicles, using the actual operation cost of the CNGV and LPGV under researched, figure out the total energy consumption, fossil oil consumption, pollutant discharge amount, CO2 discharge amount of the fuel taxicab and bus. Then according to the reference vehicles, figure out the fossil oil substitution efficiency, energy saving efficiency, conventional pollutant and CO2 emission reduction efficiency, economy effectiveness of the fuel taxi and bus (the vehicle costs including the fuel costs and the maintenance costs). Made an in-depth analysis and investigate to the energy, environment, economy and other comprehensive efficiency of the trial run of the fuel taxi and bus. Besides, made an analysis and comparison of the comprehensive efficiency of the fuel taxi and bus and finally got the conclusion.According to the research conclusions, this thesis brings up of a comprehensive evaluation method to the environment, energy substitution, society and economy efficiency of the application and popularization of the new energy vehicles. And propose some suggestion to the application and popularization of the new energy vehicles in China.1, To increase the application and development of the single fuel gas vehicles, as well as the CNG vehicles, to reduce oil consumption and reduce pollutants and CO2 emissions;2, To ensure the supply of the high-quality fuel gas resources of oil and the reasonable price difference between the oil and the gas. Increase the establishment of the gas filling station and the construction of other related infrastructure. Encourage the application of the fuel gas vehicles.3, To average up the technology of the fuel gas energy, to establish a perfect after-sales service network, and to reduce the costs of the repair and maintenance of the vehicles.4, To carry out the demonstration of the electric vehicles, alcohol type vehicles and to advance the multiplar development of our country's vehicle fuels.