| With the rapid development of economic globalization and the information, the industrial clusters have become the world's most unique and competitive form of economic organization. The development of industrial clusters has also become a important indicator of a country or a regional economic development, a source of regional competitiveness and competitiveness. In this paper, on the base study of relevant industrial clusters theories and development model, five major industrial clusters pattern of Jilin Province were analyzed. The paper analyzed many questions of developing industrial clusters. It gave some typical successful experiences and useful enlightenment of foreign industrial clusters , intended to put forward countermeasures and ideas to the development of industrial clusters in Jilin Province.Industrial clusters are the forefront of the field of academic study and one of hot issues in recent years. Marshall early in the "economics", describe the diffuse at an "industrial area" cooperation "industrial air." And give the "Industrial District" of the industrial cluster concept of the earliest embryonic form. 20th century 90's, Michael ? Porter in "The Competitive Advantage of Nations" first explicitly put forward the industrial clusters that the concept of relatively fixed, and would foster industrial clusters to a country's competitive strategy height. This is affected by global concerns. In his view, "a group of industrial clusters are geographically close to the mutual contact of companies and associated institutions, and they with or related to a specific industry, because of common and complementary and linked. For example, including spare parts, machinery and services specialized input suppliers and specialized infrastructure providers. Clusters often extend down to the sales channels and customers, and from the side of ancillary products manufacturers, as well as skills technical or input-related industries company. Finally, many clusters also include the provision of specialized training, education, research and technical information in support of the Government and other agencies - such as universities, standard-setting bodies, think tanks, vocational training providers and Trade Union. "our country's many scholars such as Professor Wang Jici also conducted an in-depth industry cluster studies and give their own unique views. The concept of industrial clusters by us can be found and summed up some of his essential characteristics: input-output relations; close links between enterprises; geographical concentration; shared factor markets; competitive and cooperative relations. In accordance with different standards can be divided into different industry cluster development model system. Internal market structure as a standard, industrial clusters can be divided into wheel axis, multi-core type, mesh type, mixed type and intangible five large factory-type model. In accordance with state intervention at the role of colonization process, as well as the strength of the degree of market mechanisms and the degree of interaction between the role of government, industry clusters can be divided into market-oriented model, the government plans to support the model and model the three models. In accordance with the technical characteristics of industrial clusters can be divided into the traditional industrial clusters, high-tech industry clusters, mixed-technology industry clusters.In analyzing the five major industrial clusters in Jilin Province based on the current situation, and accordance with the above development model of industrial clusters we can further study the criteria for the classification and definition of the five dominant industries cluster development model in Jilin Province: 1. The automobile industry cluster belong to the typical axle-style development model, while the technology are mixed and are in the process from a planned to a market-based cluster; 2. Petrochemical industrial cluster should belong to multi-core mode of development, but also belong to hybrid technology by the planned clusters to a market-led change; 3. Pharmaceutical industry cluster belong to mesh-type cluster, and belong to the traditional industry clusters and the market-oriented industrial clusters; 4. Agro-processing industry cluster belong to a typical hybrid model of development and local traditional industries are clustered, may be defined as market-based; 5. Photoelectron high-tech industry cluster belong to the typical high-tech industry cluster, and belong to a typical cluster-based industries with support from the Government.Although the embryonic form of the five major industrial clusters has been show in Jilin Province, and the format a certain model of development. But compared with industrial clusters in China's coastal regions and the rapid development of the Yangtze River Delta region, there are gaps in both the development and cluster effect. This is mainly because there are still many questions of industrial clusters development in the province: 1. less Enterprises specialization, low enterprise association, the economic effects of the cluster was not obvious; 2. Enterprises also lack of industry contact, there is no effective enterprise network system; 3. Although basic scientific research and human resource advantages, but the regional innovation system has not been set; 4. Lack of an effective system of environmental and geographical characteristics of local social and cultural systems; 5. Lack of public resources to support the cluster development , social development of intermediary service system is lagging behind.Since the 70s in 20th century, industrial clusters rooted in the country or regional environment, miraculously created the United States, Germany, Japan, Italy and many other industrialized countries a competitive advantage. "Third Italy" and the United States, "Silicon Valley" as well as Japan's Toyota Motor City is the typical representatives. Their development mode are example of the world's industrial clusters in many countries. In the analysis of typical characteristics of these foreign industrial cluster and development model, we can get their successful experiences and Enlightenment to the development of industrial clusters in Jilin Province: 1. Combining the advantages of regional development with local characteristics of industrial clusters ; 2. Build a cluster with a high degree of division of labor and collaboration enterprise networks; 3. Strengthen the building of places of public institutions and effective supply of public resources; 4. Conducive to innovation and collaboration of social and cultural soil; 5. the Government should play a positive role in cluster development.Through the research and analysis of industry cluster development model in Jilin Province, and we can learn the typical successful experience of industrial clusters from abroad. Strategies and ideas of healthy development of industry cluster in Jilin Province were given. First of all, Jilin Province should seize its rules and characteristics to explore its development path suitable in accordance with the development of industrial clusters in different patterns. Secondly, the focus is to strengthen industry clusters within the specialized division of labor, the establishment of an effective enterprise network, improve the cluster effect. Thirdly, The province should enhance the innovative capability, focus on regional innovation system. The combination industrial clusters supporting public R & D platform should be formed. an effective innovation system are also necessary. Fourthly, we must build a good regional system and cultural systems, to further accelerate the transformation of state-owned enterprises and administrative reform. We should provide enterprises with positive public resources. The formation of common values should be contributed, and the local industrial cluster embeddedness should also be strengthened. Fifthly, we should give full play to the trade associations and social intermediary service agencies. The power of industry associations should also be strengthened. The assets assessment, information consulting, property management, warehousing logistics, customs inspection, legal advice and other intermediary service agencies should be established and improved. Finally, the development of industrial clusters should use the model of circular economy, and pay attention to ecological and economic sustainable development. |
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