The Russian Coal Industry And The Ferrous Metallurgy Industry In The Second Half Of The 19^th Century

In the mid-18th century, the rise of technological innovation and the wave of industrial restructuring in the United Kingdom started the Industrial Revolution. The waves of these revolution ups and downs, Russia's industrial revolution began in 1930s, , after the beginning of the rapid development of capitalism, as Lenin said: "only a few decades of effort on the completion of certain countries in Europe for centuries to complete the change. " The process of the industrial revolution impact on all aspects of the Russian economy, as important areas of the country's economy - heavy industries in the industrial revolution developed rapidly under the influence. Heavy Industries, the most significant change is the technology developed during the Industrial Revolution of the metallurgical industry, coal industry and oil industry. The second half of the 19th century, formed the Russian Urals, Southern Russia, the central and north-west as the main industrial areas. The use of fossil fuels and steam power, as well as the construction of the railway network in the area has greatly increased the coal industry and the ferrous metallurgy industry. In this paper, Russia's leading heavy industrial areas in the field of ferrous metallurgy and coal industry as the main study, through comparative study clearly show the second half of the 19th century in these regions in the development of the ferrous metallurgy industry and coal industry, new technologies change as well as the development of the railway.This article is divided into parts of the second half of the 19th century to research the Russian coal industry and the ferrous metallurgy industry, mainly from the natural and geographical factors, steam power and fossil fuels in the production process, as well as the construction of the railway network in several major direction during this period reveals the black coal industry and metallurgical industry in the development process:Part I, mainly analysis the Russian coal industry and the ferrous metallurgy industry, the overall development in the second half of the 19th century. First of all, the impact on industrial development in Russia, and then during this period led to four major industrial areas of coal industry and the development of metallurgical industry, the steam engine in the production process, as well as the impact of the use.Part II, the European part of Russia, the connection of the Urals and the Asian part. Russia's Urals has always been an important center of coal and metallurgical industry. Until the second half of the 19th century, the reform of serfdom, because a large number of remnants of feudal serfdom impeded Ural gradually lost its leading , as the center of the Southern Russia on the daily life, Donbas become Russia's major base for coal and metallurgical industry. in this part described the main territories of the Ural economic impact of the mining industry, natural and geographical conditions, river and rail to the Urals mining process. Ural region and the rich forest resources, resulting in its indifference to the new technology, charcoal smelting has been dominant on the use of coke are uncertainPart III, narrative capitalism formation of the Southern Russian region. Southern Russian region is organized in accordance with the capitalist, and the Ural region is compared to be the young, dynamic, and from the establishment of the factory began to use advanced technology, a large number of foreign capital influx, the local rich iron ore and Donets coalfield, the railway network extending in all directions so that it soon became Russia's largest metallurgical coal base.Part IV, This chapter will be a single chapter of Moscow and St. Petersburg of the Northwest Territories, focused on the development of the Moscow region coal field profiles, the central region of the eastern and western black metallurgy factories in the distribution of productive forces structure , the difference between the old and new enterprises, as well as the characteristics of the joint. Northwest region of the ferrous metallurgy industry, whose production structure is different from the other major regions, the metallurgical industry in the production of more single, but as the capital ,St. Petersburg has the large number of metal consumption , so that a high degree of metal processing enterprises specialized the capital, business owners with large capital and the state order, these factors have promoted the development of metallurgical high productivity.