Research On Structure And Function Of National Laboratories In The National Innovation System

With the rapid development of new century, the international competitions are more and more drastic. The power of science and technology, especially the ability of knowledge innovation and the ability of technology innovation, they had became the focus of our comprehensive nation power competition. Since 1978, China started some projects in succession, including'the State Key Laboratory Project','the National Key Scientific Project','the Defense Key Laboratory Project'and'the National Engineering Research Center Project'. Besides, China also had built some institutions, which constituted the frame of our national innovation system. Along with the era of'extensive science'coming around, many institutes are too small-scaled, decentralized, and comparative single to fulfill the need of science and economy development. In this background, the National Laboratory comes into being.The National Laboratory is based on the academic colleges and institutes with good foundation and high level. It has conformed and is constructed on the base of all the experimental resources of the existing state key laboratory and related laboratories. It represents the highest land of the national integer research strength.In this article we structurally analyze and functionally orient the national laboratory from the macro-scale with the background of establishing national innovation system. We begin with the current state in the Chinese national innovation system. And then summarize the general characteristics of national laboratories by comparative investigation and anatomizing the courses of national laboratories in the United States and China and advance to strengthen the national innovation system construction with Chinese characteristic to construct national labs. Based on above, we orient the functions of the national labs from the aspects of international market oriented technology creation, research cutting edge oriented knowledge creation, national security oriented military creation and high level elite training oriented creation, in addition we describe how the national labs would function particularly to construct national innovation system. At last, suggestions on how to construct Chinese national labs are given: to identify the governmental functions, to train troop with high quality based on academic colleges, to pay high attention to technical creation, to strengthen international cooperation and to perfect the support system of scientific service.