| In the 21st century, Sustainable development of agriculture is mankind's common theme in the world. China is a big agricultural country with a long history. The agricultural population is more than 70%. Agriculture is the foundation of the national economy, but also the fundamental guarantee for sustainable development and priority areas. China's agricultural development strategies must be established to reflect the real situation and objective requirements of the law. It is necessary to learn from Western countries for sustainable development of agriculture experience, but China cannot copy or transfer West's overall sustainable development of agriculture and its model theory.In that case, how to choose a strategy to match China's national conditions, to promote sustainable agricultural development and to achieve the new strategic objectives? It has become an extremely important research topic nowadays. Canada's ecological environment improvement and maintenance, sustainable developments of agriculture and animal husbandry have provided us with very valuable experience.This paper will try to explain the application of sustainable agricultural development from the perspective of international experience, through examples of Canadian sustainable development of agriculture and how its specific characteristics and practices can be introduced for China's sustainable development of agricultural issues in view of current reality, as well as, explore suitable methods for China's sustainable agricultural development.The first chapter of this paper talks about the sustainable development of agriculture in China and abroad, and how research and analysis was conducted for this presentation and organization of this paper, its summary and its contents.First of all, introduced the sustainable agriculture background. In 1981, the United States agricultural scientist Lester Brown "Building a Sustainable Society", explained the system of "sustainable development." In 1984, Geer Dan Douglas, editor of the publication of "Agricultural Sustainability in Changing World Order," made clear "the sustainability of agriculture." This development in agriculture was widely supported by the international community through many positive responses. In 1987, World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED) put forward "in 2000 to a global sustainable agriculture policy"; in 1988, the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has drawn up a "sustainable agricultural production: the demands of the international agricultural research," the document; in 1991, FAO Helandanbo held the International Conference on Agriculture and Environment, delivered a well-known "Tanba Declaration", drawn up on the sustainable development of agriculture and rural areas of the Program of Action; in Brazil, in 1992, WCED held Conference on Environment and Development adopted the famous "Agenda of 21 century," sustainable agriculture and rural development as a fundamental guarantee and priority areas, put into the Chapter 14. Since then, the sustainable development of agriculture has not only become a new trend for agricultural development around the world, which reached a consensus, but also the highest-level political commitment to carry out the sustainable development of agriculture in the world. This was followed by analysis of the sustainable development of agricultural research in China and abroad. Sustainable Development of Agricultural research does not have a long history, but many countries support its efforts around the world, and it has been an applied research and development mechanism, which has made gratifying progress in many leaps and bounds.This paper discusses sustainable agricultural research from the perspective of developed countries as well as from experience of many developing countries and also China. In domestic sustainable development of agriculture research, China made great progress in the following areas: (1) the connotation of sustainable agriculture, objectives and principles of agricultural development and population, resources, environment, economic, social interaction and the role of the association; (2) China's agricultural use cycle of economic necessity and the strategy of sustainable development and the urgency associated with economic means, laws and regulations and public education and training; (3) build up strategies for regional sustainable development of agriculture; (4) circular economy and sustainable development of agricultural methods of evaluation index system; (5) China's sustainable agriculture direction of technological innovation; (6) Foreign sustainable agriculture research and practice situation.This paper concludes with the main thrust of research and content of the arrangements. In this paper, the second chapter discusses the Canadian agriculture and sustainable development practices, the specific characteristics and a brief analysis. Canada's agriculture and sustainable development characteristics: First, the Government gives great support to agricultural development. Each year Canadian federal and provincial governments invest a lot of money to support agricultural development. For example, in 2004 and 2005, federal and provincial governments financed its agriculture in as high as 7.3 billion Canadian dollars - accounting for the country's agricultural gross domestic product of 41%. The main funding uses were for the following areas: agricultural income and stability of the agricultural insurance (57.2 percent), agricultural science and quarantine (20.8 percent), agricultural infrastructure construction, agricultural trade (7.4 percent) and so on. The second priority is to improve the levels of science and technology for further agricultural productivity. Canada's agricultural research system, covers collection of scientific research, seed production, the promotion of models to make"all in one,"from scientific research to production. In fact, it could be a short cut, based on experience, to help to avoid repetitive or outdated research. Liang Zhang Pi, promoted the theory of non-conforming between research and development, in order to make research closer reflect current realities, and thus making new training become more targeted.Third, the large-scale farms -the higher degree of agricultural mechanization. Fourth, the agricultural cooperative economic organizations are very well-developed. In Canada, agricultural cooperative economic organizations are playing an important role for agricultural production operators, who are generally required to participate in the cooperative economic organizations. Variety of farmers associations plays an important role in technical research and development, promotion and information services. In short, Canada considers a comprehensive interaction and mutual constraints of a variety of factors, sustainable agricultural development as a systematic project. From all aspects of the concerted efforts to advance, step by step to improve the economic efficiency of agriculture, step by step to protect the environment, throughout the country so as to achieve economic, ecological and social coordination and healthy development. In this paper, the third chapter discusses China's sustainable development of agriculture,which needs to face the reality of modern obstacles.First of all, China's sustainable agricultural development needs pointed out that China's agriculture will need to resolve many population growth issues and will need to absorb surplus labor force. It is reasonable to use available limited resources for current needs and coordinate the relationship between environment and development. Additionally, traditional agriculture practices must now undergo changes, to contour to modern agricultural demands. Secondly, to explore sustainable development of China's agriculture is to face many difficulties and obstacles - it can be summed up as following:1. China lost its many large arable land resources. China's per capita arable land has a very small, man-to-land ration. Since 1979, the market-oriented economy of China brought on a rapid economic and social development of arable land, but also caused a loss of many natural resources. This is evident by agricultural sector showing a net reduction in production, as well as, an accelerated trend in reduction of available arable land resources. Currently, China's sustainable development of agriculture is posing a serious threat.2. Agro-ecological environment: first, serious damage to resources which further expand the trend, and the other major factor is exacerbated by the environmental pollution - leading to a sharp drop in China's agricultural natural resources, and in the quality of arable land. Therefore, Chinese sustainable development of agriculture is posed in a serious constraint.3. Serious shortage of agricultural inputs - among them, fixed asset investment in agriculture as the main object in particular which lacks long-term investment. Statistics show that China's agriculture is largely self-created by the national income of 1/6– which is about the size of fixed-asset investment in agriculture in western developed countries. The same asset proportion exists in the United States - 74%, France - 93 percent, Japan - 51%. Moreover, over the last several decades, the investment in agriculture has been an inadequate investment, which will take a fairly long period of time to stop the existing downward trend in China. From the view point of China's agricultural investors, the input of government investment in agriculture and rural collective economic organizations, suffers from a serious shortage of agricultural inputs, which leads to the further decline in China's agriculture already faced with many severe challenges. First of all, a weak agricultural infrastructure has not made any effective changes, but rather, further weakened. Second, a serious imbalance in industrial and agricultural development expanded the gap between the workers and peasants. This led to further expansion of the gap between urban and rural areas, social injustice and further degradation and decline.4. Inefficient agriculture - the main reasons: first, chemical fertilizers, such as low utilization rate of resources; second, low relative productivity of land; third, low labor productivity. In addition, backward concepts, policies and system design flaws, as well as regional economic differences, have become the obstacles of sustainable development of agriculture.Chapter IV of this paper sums up Canada's sustainable development of agriculture and experience, which may help China review China's sustainable agricultural development strategies. We have to learn Canada agriculture experience from many aspects. For example, Canada despite its rich natural resources does not carry out its development blindly. The Canadian government will protect natural resources, ecological environment and residents, to meet its international obligation to promote justice and the quality of life and health goals; at the same time it is also important to renew natural resources, and fund the research and development.Canada's sustainable development of agriculture taught us a lesson: First of all, to actually increase investment in agriculture, focusing on support for rural infrastructure construction and social development; second, great efforts to cultivate leading enterprises and the agricultural cooperative economic organizations and accelerating the industrialization process of agriculture; thirdly, full relying on science and technology - strive to improve the overall efficiency of agriculture; finally, the importance of agricultural products quality standard system, to vigorously develop "high-quality, safe, pollution-free" production of agricultural products.Given the current situation of China's agricultural development, this paper summed up Canada's successful experience in sustainable agriculture and enlightenment on the basis of the sustainable development of China's agriculture proposals: 1.To develop and improve the sustainable development of agriculture-related laws and regulations; 2. To guide scientific concept of development - sustainable agricultural development will be applied to the idea of the establishment of planning; 3. Increase the sustainable development-related investment projects; 4. Provide support for farmers to cultivate various types of intermediary organizations; 5. Explore establishment of the agricultural insurance system; 6.The expansion of international cooperation and exchanges. |
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