Pricing Model Of Closed-Loop Supply Chain With Product Remanufacturing Under Hybrid Recycling Channels Condition

Under the dual pressures of resources crisis and environmental pollution,the recycling and the remanufacturing of the waste is increasingly being recognized.Based on this reality and development trend,management of closed-loop supply chains has been thought highly by government,enterprises and scholars.Some literatures studied the pricing of closed-loop supply chains with product remanufacturing under the condition of single recycling channel.Because of the existence of two or more recycling channels,this paper puts forward the concept of hybrid recycling channels,then focusing on hybrid recycling of manufacturer and retailer.This paper sets up four game models in the markets of manufacturer stackelberg and retailer stackelberg. It gets the equilibrium price and optimal profit under these models,and studies the influence of related parameters on the optimal pricing decision and the profit.Wholesale price,retail price,recycling price,supply chain members' profits and the total profits are compared under four kinds of models.The results show:First,in the vertical integration structure,there will not only be more sales of products and recycling of waste,but also be higher supply chain total profits. Second,manufacturer dominant market excels retailer dominant market in recycling of waste and the overall profits.Third,in the manufacturer dominant market,the manufacturer has the motivity to establish direct distribution channel to obtain greater profits.The last,consumers prefer manufacturer to be the channel builder,because they can get lower sales prices and higher recyling prices.