Research On Supplier's Channel Choosing And Contract Designing Strategy Considering Spot Market

With the development of IT and e-commerce, the traditional supply chain structure is undergoing profound change. The emergence of spot market based on electronic platform has transferred the relationship of supply chain enterprises from contract to one co-exist structure combined by contract and spot market. Now enterprises are faced with dual risk, uncertain demand and higher market price fluctuating, which needs proper contracts to ensure the validity of supply chain management. This thesis has analyzed the characteristics of the spot market, and designed a basic contract combination using the supply chain procurement risk management theory, and discussed the contract combination on a two-stage supply chain model. By means of quantitative analysis, we describe the two characteristics of spot market: higher price fluctuating and lower transaction stability. With specific assumptions, we also discuss the enterprises'procurement decision and contract pricing within the supply chain, when the model achieves the balanced state.At the beginning of this thesis, we summarize the contract management theory and meet the sight that procurement risk control is momentous in the supply chain practices. With the reference of relevant literatures, we classify and define the basic types of contracts on supply chain domain. Using the latest contract combination management theory and designing different types of contract combination, we can achieve the goal of SCM, which is benefit-sharing, risk-sharing and the consolidation of business partnership. Under the co-exist condition of contract market and spot market, this thesis has built a supply chain procurement model with one contract combination, including quantitative long-term contracts and options contracts.Based on the general model described above and combined with different assumptions and parameters, in chapter three and four we have discussed supply chain members'optimal decision on contract pricing and contracts'procurement amount. In this model, we assume that the only supplier is the leader of Stackelberg game in decision-making, and the buyer will determine his purchases according to supplier's contract clause. In order to test the flexibility of options contract, in the third chapter we discuss the model in two cases, not-concerning the spot market and concerning the spot market, and arrive the conclusion that options can add the supply chain procurement's flexibility. In the fourth chapter we improve the model and take into account certain special circumstances of the spot market. In order to measure the degree of market access, we introduce one variable, and through this specific model we get supply chain members'optimal decision.According to the balance analysis of different models and the results of the simulation, we get the conclusion. Faced with the random demand and price's random fluctuations in the spot market, this contract combination can improve supply chain management. As the leader of one supply chain, supplier should set up a reasonable contract combination, and guide the buyer's purchasing decision. By this way, they can increase supply chain coordination and cooperation, and ensure the individual party's interest and the whole supply chain's interest improved both.