Study Of Urban-rural Gap In China From The Perspective Of Urban-oriented Policies

Since the start of the reform and open up, great changes have happened in the countryside in our country. However, because of the influence of national policies, development strategies, etc., the urban-rural gap has been widening. Since the middle of 1980s, with the economics of China developing quickly, the gap has widened continually instead of decreasing. The problem of urban-rural gap affects the healthy development of Chinese economics. It is more than an economic problem, but a social and political problem. What has contributed to the strengthenment of this problem is the dual social system that has differed urban and rural areas, including industry development strategy at the beginning of the foundation of our country, price scissors system between industrial and agricultural products, the urban-rural dual household registration system and imbalanced GDP redistribution policies. Urban residents have benefited from such policies. They are superior to peasants in the control of social resources and the ability and probability of act, which influences national policies through the accumulation of power. Because peasants are in the bottom of the society and their interest-expressing system is imperfect, though the population of peasants is large, they can' t influence and be involved in the policy making, implementation and correction actively and effectively to protect their own interest.From the perspective of national policies, this paper studied the situation and root of urban-rural gap deeply and proposed the suggestions to solve this problem. Firstly, it analyzed the definition of the policy and the influence of its imbalance, pointing out that confronting with different interest conflict and relation, the nation will make interest-favoring or imbalanced policies to some extent. Secondly, this paper analyzed the urban and rural residents' gap situation in economics, social development and political rights in general, and basing on this, the paper proposed that the roots of the strenghtenment of this problem are the over-taking development strategies after foundation of the country, price scissors between industry and agricultural products , which leads to management system in the household registration, social security, financial tax with difference between urban and rural areas. And now the continual widening of urban-rural gap results from the inertial influence of urban-oriented policy. Finally, this paper proposed countermeasure and suggestions on decreasing urban-rural gap, from the perspective of adjusting national policies and improving peasants' political involvement ability. The problem of urban-rural gap is very complex, and it is impossible to solve it in a short time. The problem concerns many aspects of reformation, and a series of constant coordinated reform is necessary to solve this problem. Therefore, we should explore this problem more deeply in theory and practice in later studies.