Study On The Problems Of The Transaction Of Marine Fishing Right On The Fishermen's Perspective

Since 1950's, improving the system of fishery management to deal with the global resource depletion of fishery has become the main problems which all fishery countries confronted. With the purpose of protecting the fisheries resource and advancing the sustained development of marine fishery, fishery administrative department in China has issued some rules and regulations to control the fishing effort, because of the input controlling system of fishery management in China, but these policies don't acquire the anticipative goals. Meanwhile, the promulgation of Property Law of People's Republic of China in 2007 has presented the query to the system of fishery management form the angle of protecting the fishermen's rights and benefits. Therefore, how to seek the equilibrium between the fishermen's rights and benefits and sustained development of marine fishing has become the urgent problem in China.With the purpose of finding out the problems of the system of fishery management in China, the theory of property right and institutional change are used in this paper. At the same time, both the flexibility of the transaction of marine fishing right and the impacting factors of the transaction of marine fishing right which are on the fishermen's perspective have been analyzed to build the transaction model of marine fishing rights, which is suitable for the characters of marine fishery in China. And draw out some conclusions as follows.Firstly, mandatory system change was the main model of the marine fishing system changes in the last decades. But, the actualization of Property Law of People's Republic of China not only endows marine fishing right with property right, but also impels the reform of the management system of marine fishing in China. Besides, the performance analysis about present management measures has proved that the systems of zero growth, summer fishing close season and "double-control" didn't acquire the anticipated goals.Secondly, the investigation about cognitive level of Property Law of People's Republic of China in Zhoushan City and Wenling City in Zhejiang Province shows that 44.8% of fishermen didn't know the Property Law of People's Republic of China, in other words, the fishermen has a poor cognitive level; and the investigation about will of transaction of marine fishing right shows that 75.6% of fishermen hope to transact it, which take the power of vessel and the quantity of nets as the representative of marine fishing right. The analysis of the impacting factors of the transaction of marine fishing right shows that the dependent degree of the fishermen's family to the marine fishing, the will and difficult degree of enlarging the fishing catch, the fishermen's age and education level, present fishing catch, the cognitive level of Property Law of People's Republic of China and the fluctuation of fishing catch are the main factors. Among them, the dependent degree of the fishermen's family to the marine fishing (Sig. =0.003) and the will of enlarging the fishing catch (Sig. = 0.009) are the most significant factors, and the present fishing catch (Sig. = 0.046) and the fluctuation of fishing catch (Sig. = 0.047) are the significant factors too.Thirdly, the analysis about the transaction of marine fishing right with the theory of supply and demand and Gordon-Schaefer model shows that the confliction between the fishing catch and optimal one is the basic reason of the demand of the transaction of marine fishing right. Although the transaction cost will make against the actualization of the transaction of marine fishing right, it will promote the resource allocation and increase the society total production.Fourthly, the transaction model of marine fishing right with the core of the index of the power of vessel and the quantity of nets is built in the last. And the suggestions of establishing the transaction center of the index of the power of vessel and the quantity of nets, perfecting the system of fishery management, advancing the fishermen's cognitive level to the rule and law of fishery, strengthening the training of transferring job are brought forward to decrease the transaction cost of marine fishing right and promote the actualization of transaction.