Research On The Co-operative Between The Labor And The Capital Of China's Private Enterprise-Based On The Exchange Theory

This study has made a research on the status of labor-management cooperation of private enterprise based on the social exchange theory, combing with the specific realities of labor relations. Then it analyzes the reasons for these problems and gives some relative suggestions to solve the labor relations problems.By studying a wide range of literature at home and abroad, this paper first finds out some problems of labor relations in private enterprise recently. They are as follows:1. The low rate of labor contract formed, it more and more becomes a mere formality; the content is not standardized, either.2. Labor-intense, low real wages, wage arrears become more serious;3. The human resource system is randomly oriented, it is short-sightedness to introduce new people;4. The labor protection is lack, the rate of participation in social insurance is not widely;5. The number of labor disputes is increasing, legislation of labor relations lags behind, it lacks legal norms to deal with labor disputes;6. The union formation rate is low or even blank, and the independent status of union is bad.This paper finds all the problems above, and then it tries to find out the deep reason to explain. It is certain that the reasons are very many and complicated, the study still finds five main reasons. Firstly, the power is of imbalance between employers and employees, which is the most direct and essential reason for the problems. Secondly, the "relatively weak capital and absolutely weak labor" decides the character labor contract and compensation arrangement. Thirdly, the workers as a whole are relatively low in quality, they have a poor legal awareness to use the law to safeguard their own legitimate and interests, leading that the compact and implement of labor contract is fully subject to the employers. The fourth reason is about the government, which is dislocated in functions and lazy in regulatory exercise. This makes many labor regulations and laws exist in name only, which also causes the labor relations disputes. Finally, it is the weak union which is very weak in power, functions and independence.When finding out the main reasons, this study based on some experience in other countries and the social exchange theory, gives some suggestions to construct labor-manager cooperation system as follows.First of all, both the employers and the employees have to change their ideas and improve their quality to strengthen the cooperation. From the employers'point of view, it is the main body of labor relations, and it leads the relationship. So it requires employers must first to change their minds to make an increasing sense on the need of labor-manager relations. Then employers have to improve their quality by training, political guidance and education. And the employees have to participate in management. The high performance work system is also a good way to take measures to improve the cooperation of labor-manager. In this paper, it stresses the leading role of employers in the cooperation of labor-manager relationship, but it doesn't mean that workers can only be blindly obedient, fully subordinate to the wishes of business owners. The workers are also a very important aspect in the relationship. So it must rapidly improve the workers' organizational awareness, protection awareness by practical training, comprehensively enhancement of ability.Secondly, it should begin with a clear position of trade unions to maintain their independence and strengthen their self-construction, to make sure that the trade unions have the power to protect workers'rights and play an important role in worker-manager cooperation.Thirdly, the government functions have to be transformed so that the government can play a full role in the labor-manager cooperation. It can change the performance evaluation assessment mechanism, establish and improve labor laws and regulations, increase the enforcement and monitoring of labor laws, build a tripartite coordination mechanism, positively promote the collective bargaining and collective contract system, change the serious shortage of administrative capacity present to ensure that government functions "in place" instead of "offside".Finally, it must pay an emphasis on the full implement of the standardization of labor contract system to safeguard labor's rights.This study focuses on descriptive research and analytical research. It uses many theories such as the human resource management theory, psychology, and social exchange theory to analyze the problems of labor-manager relationship of private enterprise and explain them deeply. The innovation of this paper lies in three aspects. First, this study gives a new research point to study the labor-manager cooperation, which is the social exchange theory point. Second, this paper is accordant with the social exchange model, and it makes a deep analysis on the process of social exchange of labor-management cooperation from the point of non-cooperative game to explore the real reasons for the problems and basement of cooperation. Third, this paper proposes basic principles to labor-management cooperation on the base of social exchange theory. The principles are below:to keep labor power balance; reciprocity and fairness; government intervention; equal consultation; both benefits for. And then this study further expand the research perspectives to raise awareness and propose some suggestions to build labor-management cooperation, and hope that these measures can play a good role in the labor-management cooperation in China's private enterprise.