Synthesis And Application Of Methvl Glucoside Quaternary Ammonium

Safety and mildness of cosmetic surfactants become more and more important. Researches on Glucose-based surfactants become hot topics.Nowadays applied industrial production are mainly macro-molecular glucose-based cationic surfactants, such as cationic starch, cationic cellulose, etc. The problem is that solvent is used during manufacturing process. In this paper, liquid methyl glucogside polyoxyethylene ether is used to react with epoxy group without any solvent, which was an innovative procedure. Then because of long-chain tertiary amine’s low reaction activity, methyl glucoside-based ether first reacts with epichorohydrin and then forms quaternary ammonium. By optimizing reaction conditions, a series of methyl glucoside-based cationic products with high active content and good appearance were synthesized.Firstly, cationic etherifying agent with 92% active epoxy content was prepared from trimethylamine and epichorohydrin. Then short-chain methyl glucoside-based quaternary ammonium was obtained from etherifying agent and Methyl Gluceth-10. Optimal conditions of second reaction were obtained:no solvent; sodium hydroxide was used as catalyst and the amount was 0.5%(wt%) of raw material; the reaction temperature was kept 85±2℃; reactant feed ratio of Methyl Gluceth-10 and cationic agent was 1:0.7. The cationic agent conversion was 98% and methyl glucoside-based product had a good appearance.Secondly, in order to synthesize long-chain quaternary ammonium, new process route was used. Epichlorohydrin first reacted with Methyl Gluceth-10 at a temperature of 85±2℃ for 3 hours without any solvent. Then colorless or yellow liquid intermediate reacted to long-chain tertiary amine. Using dodecyl dimethyl amine as an example, following optimal conditions of quaternarization were obtained:water and ethanol were mixed as solvent; sodium hydroxide was used as catalyst and the amount was 1%; the reaction temperature was kept 85±2℃ and lasted for three hours; reactant feed ratio of n(chloride intermediate):n(dodecyl dimethyl amine) was 1:0.7.According to these conditions, a series of long-chain methyl glucoside-based quaternary ammonium with good active content and appearance was prepared.Thirdly, PEG-20 Methyl Glucose Sesquistearate with long-chain alkyl group was used as raw material to react with epichorohydrin without any solvent. Then reacted with tertiary amine. Because of more long chain alkyl groups in reaction system, the active content was only about 50%.Finally, each of these methyl glucoside-based cationic surfactants was added into shampoo formulation to study their hair conditioning property and emulsion stability. These date might be well applied in industrial production.