Water Environment Monitoring System Based On Sensor Networks

With the rapid development of the China’s industry, the destruction of the environment isgetting worse. The discharge of the waste water induced by the industry and people’s life, hasseriously affected the growth of the biology in the underwater environment such as rivers and lakes,and reduced the quality level of the human drinking water. Therefore, it is of great significance tostudy how to monitor the underwater environment effectively.Currently, there are mainly two methods to monitor the underwater environment. One is thecombining way of manual sampling and laboratory analysis, and the other is to utilize the sensornetworks to collect the underwater environment parameters, achieving the goal of monitoring theunderwater environment remotely. However, as the underwater environment has characteristics ofwide distribution, large area, the manual sampling approach will cost too much manpower andresources, and can not achieve the goal of real-time monitoring. It attracts more focus to utilize thesensor networks to monitor the underwater networks.This paper designs an underwater monitoring system based on the sensor networks. Thissystem can collect the Temperature, dissolved oxygen, PH, turbidity information, and send the datacollected to the monitoring center sever through the sensor networks. After that, the monitoringsoftware can accomplish the task of the display, storage and query functions of the data.Firstly, we design the node used to monitor the underwater environment. The node uses theMSP430as its control chip, and equips it with some related data acquisition modules, such as theoxygen dissolving sensor, PH probing sensor, turbidity monitoring transmitter and so on. To finishthe task of obtaining the related underwater parameter and to acquire the data geographicinformation, the module of GPS is added. And the external storage module is added to achieve thelocal store of the data. The hardware configuration of the node monitoring is the same as the basestation, the data acquisition module is removed, increasing the GPRS module for remotecommunication with the server. As well as communicate via ZigBee protocol between the basestation monitoring nodes and data between monitoring nodes.Secondly, we conduct a deep study to the overall framework、the resource managementmechanisms and the implementation methods of the Z-Stack protocol stack developed by the TIcompany in USA. We cut out the Z-Stack protocol stack and configure it, then successfullytransplant it into the sensor networks, achieving dynamic network which consists of the nodes andthe multi-task scheduling function of the node.In the end, we finish the design of the monitoring center software. The software can conduct the unified management of the data and finish the functions of display and remote access of the datawhile taking advantage of the SQL database for storage of monitoring data, query, and limit alarmfunctions.Real tests show that this system can run stably, and has the characteristics of low powerconsumption, wide scope of monitoring, scalability, little damage to underwater environment, andalso has some value in application and good development prospects.