The Extraction, Purification, Antioxidant And Immunoenhancement In Chenopodium Quinoa Willd Bran Total Saponins

Chenopodium quinoa Willd is a kind of "whole grains" that has a high nutritional value, not only rich in protein and calcium, iron, zinc, vitamin E and other micronutrients, and contains all the essential amino acids, has the potential utility of raise the level of population nutrition and prevention a variety of disease. But the epidermis of quinoa has a layer of water-soluble saponin, if it is directly edibled with no treated, can stimulation to the human bowel, and interferes with the absorption of certain nutrients. Studies has shown that saponin of quinoa has insecticidal, antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer and other efficacy, but in-depth study in saponin of quinoa epidermis has no report. In industrial production, Quinoa epidermis will be abandoned as waste directly, it didn’t make full used, caused a potential waste of resources. This paper focused the quinoa bran in which the total saponins has been researched on extraction and purification process. And their antioxidant activity and immune regulating activity carried on the preliminary research, which could provide the theoretical basis for further exploitation and utilization of quinoa bran.The results of the study are as follows:Using solvent method, using reflux extraction total saponins in quinoa bran, get the results of the single factor extraction process:ethanol concentration 70%, Extraction temperature70℃,Material liquid ratio 1:20, extraction duration2.5h。 Basis on the single factor experiment results, using Design-Expert to response surface project, for optimize the extraction process, get the best combination for the process: ethanol concentration 72%, extraction temperature71.5 ℃. Material liquid ratio 1:20.8, extraction time147min,on this condition, saponin acquiring rate can be achieved 1.685%.To grope for the purification technology of total saponins quinoa bran, compare of the four (HPD600, D101, S-8, AB-8) different types of macroporous adsorption resin, select the D101 type macroreticular resin was the optimum. Through the static and dynamic experiment, get the optimal technological condition of D101 was:sample concentration was 4mg/ml, pH=6, sample flow velocity was l.Oml/min. Ethanol concentration used for elution was 90%, Elution velocity was 1.0ml/min. The saponins purity was 43.6%.The research of antioxidant activity of quinoa bran total saponins has show that:In the experimental concentration range, Quinoa bran total saponins has strong reducing power, metal ion chelating ability and the ability of remove DPPH · free radicals, superoxide anion free radical and hydroxyl radical, but no more than the positive contrast. Ability to remove DPPH · free radicals is the best, clearance rate can reach 89.32%.Using normal mice as Animal experiments. Study the total saponins quinoa bran effects on the mice immune function. Results show:Compared with the mice in normal control group, High dose group (150 mg/kg · d-1) the thymus index, expurgation index and phagocytic index were significantly improve (p< 0.05), mice toes thickness significantly increased (p< 0.05), serum hemolysin level extremely significant difference (p< 0.01). Explain that quinoa bran of saponins can promote nonspecific immunity, cell-mediated immunity, humoral immunity of normal mice.