Nature Reserves In China Sustainable Development Management Model

This thesis is a sub-research of 《Wild animal and plant protection zone sustainable develop----Jiangsu Dafeng elk protection zone for example 》(China forest department science research projection 2003-112-R20) Since PRC comes into existence our nature protection zone began to become stronger day by day. We set up the first nature protection zone of Dinghushan in 1956, our protection zone project have passed 6 phases since then, till 2003 lots of government department have build up 1999 nature protection zone, take 14.4% part in total china area. The sustainable development of nature protection zone is base on the relationship between the use natures and protects nature. The influence to nature of use nature resource depends on the management but not the use itself. Through scientific and efficient management method, we can reduce the bad influence. Realize use nature resource and protect nature resource can be coordination. And it would be the right way of management the nature protection zone. Nature protection zone sustainable management method research has great theory and reality meaning. China uses the same method to management the nature protection zone with Russia. All the thing in protection zone is belong to government. China government has all the right to management and operates the protection zone. Government pays all the running fee of protection zone. And at same time, our protection zones have some special character; lots of departments have the right to hand le the protection zone. 40 years ago, this method had made great contribution on china protection zone development. But this method also has some shortcoming and lead to a lot of problem, which now exist in protection zone. This research makes detail analysis on the shortcoming of the existent nature protection zone manage method, and make fully research on china situation. Writer also makes detail analysis on how developed country (American,Australia,England and so on) manage their protection. Base on the theory about the relationship between human and nature, the theory about the relationship between protection and development, and the theory about market economy, writer advance a new method to manage the protection zone. The name of new method is management right focus and the operation rights transfer. The content of new method include to build up a branch in govern which control the management of the entire protection zone. And design how this department worked. What is the best structure of the new department? The HR and the finical job would independent from local government. The protect zoo management department should have 4 basically foundation. It is the in charge system, the business management department system, the zoology management system and study and research management system. The profit business running in protection zone should be operated by private organization. Admit the ownership of local inhabitant. Give the management right to private organization through contract. The protection zone department lead the private organization do some business and audit the ecology development. Build up new supervise system. This supervise system include not only the protecting zone management department inside audit but also the audit from other government department. This new method has lots of benefits, and can alleviate the problems protection zone now suffering. The benefits of the new method are as follows: first can make enough money of protection zone development. Second it makes the easy way to make the local people have win-win relationship with the protection zone. Third it makes the protection zone work more efficiency. Fourth it makes the management of protection zone have the consistent law and policy. Fifth it makes the protection zone management department focus on the ecology job. Sixth it make protection zone management department reduce their cost of human resource. To prove the benefit of the new method, this research make a compare quantification evaluate in expert grade way. Writer give out 4 methods include the management focus and operation transfer, management focus and operation focus, muti-management and coordinate, trust management. In order to make a good way to compare these methods, Writer builds up a "drive---pressure---responds"target system to illustrate the relation between the nature protection zones. From the target system model writher make sure that the evaluation should include five parts, first is the ecology development, second is economy development, third is society development, fourth is management development, fifth is education and publicity development.Use vague way and APL way makes out the weigh of each target, and then make group decision. The result improve that the management focus and operation transfer is most fit for china.Manage focus and operate transfer method have lots of benefits, but if we want to success use this method, we still need prefect ensure system; include system of organization, law, management, invest, research, and so on. Each part of the ensure system have some problem, the new method cannot success. The last part of this article is a case of the suggestion of the new method. Writer use qualitative analysis, Lisle matrix and function curve forecast the development of the Dafeng elk protection zone. And according to the new method writer give some advice to Dafeng. Lisle matrix is a accurate way to forecast the number of wield ammonal, function curve is the best way to forecast the ecology tour development. Base on the forecast on Dafeng, we make the detailed research on the muti-management running, the ecology development running and management department building. This research give out a new manage method to nature protection zone, give the scientific leading to the nature protection zone, it have important meaning of theory and practicality. And it is first time to use "drive---pressure---responds"model in protection zone.