Beijing Spatial Distribution Characteristics Of Particulate Matter Pollution And The Effect Mechanism

Inhalable particulate(particulates matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 10μm, PM10) have been found to be associated with environment problems and health problems,so more and more attention concentrates on them.Many achievements of researches on PM10 have been attained overseas.In China,such researches are limited and they usually focus on several urban areas.Although several researches have got fruits to some extent,most researches monitoring individual points only,they cannot have a totally analysis on the characteristic of inhalable particulates.In order to make up the lack of researches on PM5 in our country,we choose Beijing urban city as research sites,Inhalable particles(PM 10) especially fine p articulates(particulates mater with aerodynamic diameter less than 5μm,PM5.0) are taken as research emphases.The seasonal variation and spatial variation of PM5 mass concentration and the characterization of Meteorological factors are determined by collecting and systematic analysis of particulate samples in over half a year.The spatial distributions of PM5 are simulated by monitoring data obtained from 73 air sampling stations in Beijing city and Kriging techniques.Meanwhile,by taking streets and towns as the basic spatial analysis unit,some factors are mapped influencing urban air pollutions such as underlying surface map,population density,built-up area and NDVI based on GIS and RS.The results show that spherical models with nuggets could fit the variograms of inhalable particulates.The concentration of PM0.3,PM0.5,PM1.0,PM3.0and PM5.0 in air of the study area was found to range from 630.9～777.2,194.1～483.6,33.5～325.0,2.8～179.8, 0.5～83.5(unit is 10~5c/m~3).In the north,southwest and downtown,the spatial relativity between five air particles and their impact factors have spatial heterogeneity.Among the five pollutions,the spatial distribution of PM1.0 is firstly influenced by the distribution of impact factors.PM0.3 is aftermost.The main sources of air particles are the dust from soil,soot and construction,and the exhaust gases.The long distance transportation from vicinage maybe also gives contribution to regional air particles pollution in Beijing.We make an ICP-MS analytic report by using samples which collected in 2006 winter.It is concluded from microelement that the concentration of dram metal elements is still high.The content of Pb is lower than other elements.It maybe results from the using of benzene without Pb.For some district of higher pollution,such as Wukesong,Olympics gymnasium,some pertinent measures to mitigate air pollution are put forward according to their forming mechanism.To assure the atmosphere quality in developing regions,it is important measure to strengthen the control of fugitive dust from construction site and city roads.The conclusions of research are important supplements of research on inhalable particles in our country.They not only offer references for later research in some areas,but also play an important role in revising Ambient Air Quality Standard of our country.