Succinic Acid, Maleic Acid Derivatives And Their Cementitious Properties

A series of low molecular weight organogelators(LMOGs)were synthesized and their gelation abilities, morphologies as well as self-assembly behaviors in gel state were investigated in detail. Furthermore, a rational mechanism of the formation of organogels was proposed on base of our studies. We obtained some creative results, which were outlined as follows:(1) We synthesized several succinic acid derivatives substituted by different alkyl chain and tested their gelation properties in various organic solvents. Scanning electron microscope(SEM)images showed that organogelators with different alkyl chain possessed similar morphologies, which were made of fine and long fibers. FT-IR spectrum demonstrated that the hydrogen bonding in"wet"gels and solid powder had some similarities and hydrocarbon chain of organogelator molecules adopted all trans-zigzag conformation in organogels. Via contrastive experiments, we also found that enough intermolecular hydrogen bonding was essential in the formation of organogels. XRD patterns of xerogels implied that the arrangement of organogelator molecules in gel state were well-ordered. In addition, the long spacing D of aggregates obtained by XRD method was almost twice as long as the corresponding evaluated molecular length(by optimized CPK model). From the analysis and results of SEM, FT-IR, XRD measurements, it can be deduced that organogelator molecules took advantage of intermolecular hydrogen bonding formed by carboxyl and amide group as well as van der Waals interaction of long alkyl chains to form well-ordered bilayer aggregates, then such aggregates extended to become fibers, which juxtaposed and interlocked each other to develop a rigid three-dimensional network superstructure and finally immobilized the liquids.(2) We synthesized several maleic acid derivatives substituted by different alkyl chain and tested their gelation properties in various organic solvents. However, no gelation behavior was obserbed. But when mixed with aliphatic amines(molar ratior=1:1)to form two-component system, some combinations could gelate a number of nonpolar organic solevents. SEM images showed that xerogels possessed sheet-like and fiber structuer morphologies. FT-IR spectrum demonstrated that the two components reacted through acid-base interaction and hydrocarbon chain of organogelator molecules adopted all trans-zigzag conformation in organogels. Via contrastive experiments, we also found that intermolecular hydrogen bonding was essential in the formation of organogels. XRD patterns of xerogels implied that the arrangement of organogelator molecules in gel state were well-ordered. In addition, the long spacing D of aggregates obtained by XRD method was almost equal to the summation of corresponding pairs of component molecular lengths(by optimized CPK model). From the analysis and results of SEM, FT-IR, XRD measurements, it can be deduced that organogelator molecules took advantage of acid-base interaction, intermolecular hydrogen bonding formed by amide group as well as van der Waals interaction of long alkyl chains to form well-ordered aggregates, then such aggregates extended to become sheet-like or fiber structure, which juxtaposed and interlocked each other to develop a rigid three-dimensional network superstructure and finally immobilized the liquids.