| Pinellia ternata (Thunb) Breit Araceae Pinellia is a genus of perennial herbs and traditional Chinese herbal medicines. Alkaloids is the key indicators of quality and main active ingredient of Pinellia ternata(Thunb)Breit, alkaloids has many obvious biological activity and physiological functions, which was antitussive, expectorant, anti-bad thrombosis, anti-arrhythmic, and anti-tumor, also can reduce blood pressure, strengthen the stomach, stop vomiting, lower blood lipids, improve the effect of mem- ory and anti-cancer. Influenced by reproductive method and speed, and long relied on the wild for medicine, the results lead to the shortage of wildlife resources and the supply falls short of demand. In this article, the chemical composition and pharmaco- logical activity of Pinellia ternata (Thunb)Breit is summarized, the drug development and utilization of wild resources are described and giving opinions on the developme- nt prospects of Pinellia ternata (Thunb) Breit. The effect of different plant hormones on rapid propagation,the change of the physiological and biochemical indicators of callus culture in cell cycle,and elicitors on cell growth and alkaloids accumulation of Pinellia ternate(Thunb)Breit, are enhancing the effective active ingredient content of Pinellia ternate(Thunb)Breit and providing the basis for training improved strains.1. Different plant hormone on tissue culture of Pinellia ternata(Thunb) Breit. Sterilized explants of Will Pinellia ternata (Thunb) Breit were transfered with different hormone combinations of MS medium, all can produce callus. MS Adding 1.5 mg/L 6-BA and 0.3 mg/L 2,4-D is the better medium for callus induction of Pinellia ternata(Thunb) Breit. MS adding 1.0 mg/L 6-BA and 0.4 mg/L 2,4-D is suitable for the proliferation of callus induction and the growth of callus. 1.0 mg/L or2.0 mg/L 6-BA and 0.1 to 0.5 mg/L NAA is suitable for the budding and rooting of callus, the growth of tissue culture seedlings are good, with high rooting rate, more roots. Establishment of rapid propagation system of Pinellia ternata (Thunb) Breit by using the technology of tissue culture, in order to improve the proliferation rate, quicken the period and provide the quality strain. 2. The changes of the physiological and biochemical characteristics during callus culture of Pinellia ternate (Thunb) Breit. Callus of Pinellia ternate (Thunb) Breit harvests for 30 days, cell growth curves "S"-shaped, divided into lag phase, logarithmic growth phase and stable phase. Cell viability, soluble protein content, phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity and total alkaloids remained stable at first, reached a peak around 15-20 days, and then decreased slowly.Physical and chemical reflect the cells growth, studying the secondary metabolites possible pathway by testing the biological and chemical indicators.3. Elicitor and synergies on Pinellia ternate(Thunb) Breit cell growth and alkaloid accumulation.The single elicitor (Ag~+, Cu2+, SA, phenylalanine, tyrosine, Trichoderma extract and yeast extract) and two-factor elicitor (Ag~+and phenylalanine, Cu2+and phenylalanine, Ag~+and tyrosine, Cu2+and tyrosine, Ag~+and Trichoderma extract,Cu2+and Trichoderma extract) on Pinellia ternate(Thunb) Breit cell growth and accumulation of total alkaloid. Lower concentration of Ag~+, Cu2+and SA has little effect on cell growth, while high concentration has the inhibitory effect. Various concentrations of phenylalanine, tyrosine and Trichoderma extract are suitable for cell growth, 1.0 mg/L Cu2+ or 30 mg/L Trichoderma extract is good for accumulation of total alkaloid. At last, secondary metabolism of medicinal plants is summarized, and problems are explored.4. The screening of callus with high alkaloids. The synergistic effect of different elicitors on cell growth and alkaloid Accumulation of Pinellia ternate(Thunb) Breit selected callus with high alkaloid content (alkaloid content were more than two times) in callus subculture, until the alkaloid content of stability. The plants with high alkaloid providing the basis for the cultivation varieties. 30 mg/L Trichoderma extract or 1.0 mg/L Cu2+ and 20 mg/L Trichoderma extract are suitable for accumulation of total alkaloids. Total alkaloids content was 394.7 and 448.8μg/g, which was 1.8 and 2.0 times of the control. |
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