Study On Land Use And Environmental Effect In Guyuan Area During The Qing Dynasty To The Republic Of China

The land use and the land cover change are now one of geography discipline main research subjects. With the historical period of social and economic development, human activities are main driving influence of land covering change. History as a mirror, through the study of historical periods of land use, on the one hand can help us to understand what was land use, on the other hand, can also provide experience for today's land-use. Guyuan Area of Plateau Loess hills and ravines, is located in the transitional zone of agriculture and animal husbandry.It is a lot of hills and slopes, but also a fragile ecological environment.If the land use is slightly inappropriate, it will cause environmental degradation. This paper selects in the strongest period of the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China time in the history of land-use change of Guyuan area.Through the study its change, the analysis of driving factors and negative environmental effects,it has a good experience for today's land-use of Guyuan area. This paper consists of five parts: Part One deseribes the land use basis of Guyuan area.First of all, the article discusses the Guyuan region, climatic conditions, water resources, land resources, soil types and so on. Secondly, the article set up to study the spatial and temporal scope of the content, and briefly reviewed the Qing previous Guyuan area land use.Part Two discusses the changes of land use from Qing to the Republic of China of GuYuan area. Article reviews the Qing to the Republic of the history of this area of cultivated land reclamation, and explores historical records of Tian Mu,that the annals of history in the Tian Mu is the tax unit, less than the actual area of arable land, However ,Tian Mu numbers and the actual area of arable land there is a link. Subsequently, articles related to the use of existing data recorded in local gazetteers to restore the actual number of cultivated area of the mid-Qing Dynasty and the late Qing Dynasty, and draw diagrams to reflect the number of cultivated land and resettlement rate of the changing situation.Part Three outlines forest and grassland cover changes of the Qing to the Republic of Guyuan area. First, the article discusses the changes in the forest, and then discusses the changes in the grass. Conclusion is this area as the population increases, reclamation of space to expand, forest and grassland area in the ever-shrinking and disappearing in 300 years.Part Four Researches the major driving force for land use change of Guyuan area in Qing to the Republic China.Driving forces of land use have a lot, both to climate change, topography and soil and natural disasters and other natural limiting factors, also to tax policy, resettlement policy, demographic factors, war-affected and agricultural production and technological progress such as human drivers, but demographic change is to promote the underlying causes of land-use change.Part Five analyze the environmental effects of land-use changes brough by land-use change in Qing to the Republic China. In pace with hillside land having been reclaimed farmland, a large number of natural grasslands disappeared, the balance of the original ecological environment have been destroyed.The results increased natural vegetation succession, biodiversity loss, soil erosion increased, soil degradation, hydrological deterioration and water logging disasters frequency of natural and ecological disasters.