Reflections On Improving China's Rural Land System

In a summary of Chinese agriculture, rural areas and peasants, rural land system is a basic system which has an impact on the rural economic and social development. The rationality of the rural land system, not only relates to the settlement of the "Three Rural Issues", but also has a great impact on the reform, development and stability of the country. In recent years, academic and theoretical circles, party committees at all levels, and the government departments concerning make a serious research on the problem of rural land system, producing a great deal of research results.This paper, based on research results from academic and theoretical circles, using the research technique methods which unify the theory and actual and compare the reality with the history, has carried on the current rural land system by the systematic inspection and the analysis. Generally speaking, our current rural land system basically conforms to the national circumstances, but some problems and deficiencies still exist in the rural land property rights, contract operations, circulation and the expropriation. It is necessary to adopt effective measures to refine and improve mem. This paper is divided into five sections for analysis and appraisal of these issues, and put forward their views.The first part, on the basis of the analysis of the main content and problems in the current rural land system, states the necessity and urgency for reform and improvement of the rural land system. China's current rural land system is practical and reasonable, but because of various reasons, it has some shortcomings and problems. Land system reform and improvement have become an important task in China's rural reform and development.The second part, elaborates the existing problems and solutions in the China's rural land property rights (especially land ownership) system. Many issues, such as land ownership and management to be defined vaguely, farmers land property rights not to be complete, and serious violations, still exist in the current stage of China's rural land property rights system. Therefore, there are many views about the rural land system reform in theory, such as farmland privatization theory, farmland nationalization theory, giving peasants the permanent rights to use the land, and keeping current collective ownership of rural land, etc. This paper proposes the idea of improving the rural land property rights system, from the perspective of defining the main rights and standardizing the behaviors: strictly ed rural collective as the mainstay of rural land ownership and collective rights related norms; further regulate land use right to protect the rights and interests of the peasants; standardize national and local government's rights.The third part, from the point of protecting farmers' land use rights, discusses how to improve the land contracting management system. At present, there are many problems in the land contracting management, such as the rights of land contract not to be complete, not exclusive, lack of security, and contractual period of uncertainty, etc., we must take various measures to resolve them: clear the main land contracts; define the collective economic organization membership; further define areas of land contracts; properly handle the problems left from the land; effectively protect the rights of special groups, such as women, personnel returning to their hometowns; properly handle the contract change and termination; improve the links such as expliciting property rights, registration, certification and notice in the right to contract for management of land.The fourth part, describes the improvements of right to contract for management of rural land circulation system. At present, many problems exist in the right to contract for management of land, such as improper positioning of government and collective, the status disorder, inadequate intermediary service organizations and other issues in the circulation. To make rural land circulation scientific, reasonable and timely, the steady relations between flow of land contracting time and right to contract for management must be correctly handled; the specific forms of land management rights circulation must conform to local circumstances and practices; adhering to the law, voluntary and paid principles, Party committees and collective must position accurately in the land circulation; develop market intermediaries and improve land management rights circulation market system; strengthen the regulation of contracted land management rights circulation.The fifth part, from the perspective of protecting the interests of peasants, discusses the reform and improvement of rural land requisition system. At present, many issues exist in China's rural land requisition, such as the scope of land requisition to be broad, the land requisition procedure not to be standardized, the land compensation unreasonable and not enough to protect the resettlement of landless peasants .The ideas and settlements to these problems are: clearly define "public interest" and strictly control the scope of land requisition; perfect the land requisition compensation standards, and compensate fairly and reasonably; strengthen the distribution, usage and management of land requisition compensation payments; do a good job in the resettlement of landless peasants; learn from experience and improve the rural land requisition procedure.