Rural Public Service Supply Imbalance

The Issues concerning "agriculture, countryside and farmers" are the focus of Chinese society, which focus on the supply of the public service for the country. In the early days of P.R.C, the Chinese government took the strategy of developing heavy industry, agriculture helping industry, country helping city, which made the duality society structure between city and country. The separation of society structure between city and country made the public service of the city supplied by the government but the public service of the country supplied by the farmer, which resulted in the unbalance of public service in the country, lacking developing power for the agriculture and low developing speed of farmer income, which threatened the economic development in the country.Focusing on the imbalance of public services in rural areas, this thesis distinguishes itself from most of the previous studies which are based on the theory of public goods from the economic perspective. It stresses from an administrative perspective that public benefits is the primary factor in rural public service provision system, which is more crucial than attributes of public goods from the economic perspective.Apart from introduction and conclusion, this thesis includes four parts.The first part states the condition of unbalance of public service in the country, which are the unbalance of public service between the city and the countryside, the unbalance of public service in different area of the countryside, the unbalance of public service and demand in the countryside and the unbalance between the expectation and realization of the government in the countryside.The second part analyzes the reason for the unbalance of public service in the countryside is caused by several elements after retrospecting the history of the public service for the countryside.The third part points out the historical opportunity and international experience when we deal with the imbalance of public services in rural areas. At present, the adjustment of development strategy and public policy, the construction of public service government, development of market economy and strategic adjustment of rural economic structure after entering into WTO provide the historical opportunity for China to solve this problem. The fourth part proposes the essential principles in realizing the effective supply of public services in rural areas and gives some suggestions. The authors holds that governments at different administration levels should act according to their capabilities and pay attention to fairness; try to meet farmers' demand and encourage more people to participate in this course actively; and try to be different in supply and value efficiency of public service provision. On the proposals, the governments in different levels should build a public financial system in rural areas which functions to provide more benefits to the farmers; make a clear division of governments' responsibilities; diversify the suppliers, fundraising channels and supply modals of public services based on differentiating the supply and produce of public services ; improve and refine the decision mechanism and performance assessment mechanism of public services provision orienting farmers' needs and centering on providing public services.