Study Of Pension Supportive Of The The Xiangxi Rural Miao Region

The aging question has been paid more and more attention from all over the word since the late twentith century. Making the old people have a good life is the pursuit of the harmonious society, which depends on the lasting supportiveness from the family. However, the function of the traditional elderly support has weakening with the development of the society and the economic transition in the rural of the minority areas. Hunan Province Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture is a mountainous and poor area, which made the old-age support had its unique features. Researching the old-age support for the Miao is very important and necessary for the fair share of the social development, promoting the equalization of the basic public services, improving the old-age supporting system for the rural areas and ethnic unity.The thesis explores firstly the four stages of the family old-age security and different characteristics of the four stages of Miao in Hunan Province Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, which include the rural family old-age support in Qin Dynasty, the household security of the Republic of China, the stage from the west of Wuhan was liberated to 1977 and the different stages since Reformation and Opening.According to the supportiveness in physics, the family support was cassified into the self-support, the family support and the social support. In this part of the paper the author first analyzed the self-support of the rual family in Xiangxi from the source of income and the living expenditure level. The data revealed the aged people had not the ability to support their life with a lower income and no savings. Outstanding performance for the difficulties in high level employment but low level income, no savings, no pensions and no public health service. Most of the old people in the countryside who were born in the first half of twentith century depend on the land in all their life with the institutional management of the dual economic structure of urban and rural areas, which makes the income from the land as the only income of the old people in the countryside. Then the family support from the wife or husband and the children was analyzed. The family support from the wife or husband based on the marital status and the children's based on the Jixin Town in Fenghuang county of Hunan province. In the market economy, most of the people in the rural prefer to migrate, which placed weight on the old people with farm work and childcare but couldn't get the feeling support from the children with little economic support. The support from outside of the family mainly came from the villages and the society, which all were viewed as the social support that was explained by two cases in the paper. The author shows that the traditional villages support should be enlarged by developing the regional economy especially the tourism to provide a good environment for the old people's life, which can improve the old people's expenditure ability and the self-support ability. The research data shows that the collective economy is weak and most villages have no collective economy. The support from the government can be classified the economic support and the institutional support. The paper analyzed the households enjoying the five guarantees, rural insurance system, the minimum living standard security system and health care system, ect.The innovation of the paper is the construction of the family old-age support system with family, community, government and the old people for the rural of Xiangxi in the view of the system theory by the author, in which the principles to the system, how to deal with the relationship for the system and the barrier to structure the system were'accounted. At the last the author puts forword the countermeasures for the system's construction.