End Of The Qing Dynasty Hangzhou Customs Import And Export Trade (1896-1910)

It was an important event in Hangzhou's social development history that Hangzhou was opened as a trading port in the late Qing Dynasty,which brought great changes to Hangzhou's social closing system. Clarify the reasons for its opened is the foundation of Hangzhou Opened history research. In present,arguments to Customs data,research the social impact from the start of Hangzhou Customs import and export trade after the opening of Hangzhou is the academic study of a new hot spot. These two studies is not only to fill gaps in the History of Hangzhou research, but also is exploration of an intention to local history research.Open the port is the successful practice that the Japanese imperialists opened China market,and also is the significant interest to further loss of national rights, the Qing government enhance the performance of the domestic crisis of governance. The establishment of Hangzhou Customs originde the opening of Hangzhou. Described the whole stroy is indeed for the analysis of Hangzhou Customs import and export trade to provide background information.It will help trading activities related changes in Hangzhou and the causes of understanding. Hangzhou Customs had also become the inception an observation point to the economic and social changes. Through the quantitative and quanlitative analysis of goods import and export trade of Hangzhou Customs,we will discuss Hangzhou regional economic development, structural characteristics of commodity production, and the hinterland of the economic ties and other related problems in the late Qing Dynasty. It will indicate that Opening of Hangzhou had brought opportunities and challenges in the Hangzhou import and export trade. The characteristics of economic development in the fifteen years after its inception,such as the economic features of the development of Hangzhou export-oriented foreign trade had become more evident, the economy had been expanded hinterland of Hangzhou,the economic and trade ties linking Hangzhou and Shanghai had become increasingly close,Zhejiang Foreign Trade Pattern was changing, showed the vitality of economic development of Hangzhou.However,the backward mode of production, local government management deficiencies, capital of the Western powers on the huge increases in output, Bureau of Customs and likin competing patent rights and other factors had become the constraints of economic development in Hangzhou.